The preliminary experimental and clinical study of the relationship between the pigment gallstone and intestinal mucosal barrier

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Su ◽  
Shuodong Wu ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Junzhe Jin ◽  
Zhenhai Zhang
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Andrade

Students without prior research experience may not know how to conceptualize and design a study. This article explains how an understanding of the classification and operationalization of variables is the key to the process. Variables describe aspects of the sample that is under study; they are so called because they vary in value from subject to subject in the sample. Variables may be independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the value of other variables; dependent variables are influenced in value by other variables. A hypothesis states an expected relationship between variables. A significant relationship between an independent and dependent variable does not prove cause and effect; the relationship may partly or wholly be explained by one or more confounding variables. Variables need to be operationalized; that is, defined in a way that permits their accurate measurement. These and other concepts are explained with the help of clinically relevant examples.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiying Ren ◽  
Jiayu Wu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
Y. Shao ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenshuai Hao ◽  
Ruitao Cha ◽  
Mingzheng Wang ◽  
Pai Zhang ◽  
Xingyu Jiang

The intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) is one of the important barriers to prevent harmful substances and pathogens from entering the body environment and maintain intestinal homeostasis. The dysfunction of IMB...


2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Hui Kwon Kim ◽  
Jong Yoon Lee ◽  
Eun Ju Bae ◽  
Won Il Park ◽  
Hong Jin Lee ◽  
...  

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