Optimal management of hepatocellular carcinoma: Challenges and opportunities

Optimal management of patients with both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) necessitates collaboration among dermatologists and rheumatologists. In this manuscript, we discuss challenges and opportunities for dual care models for patients with psoriasis and PsA and the results of a survey of combined clinics based in North America.

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Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Future Prospects

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.765101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhuoyan Liu ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Jiaxin Liang ◽

Yixin Liu ◽

Xiaorui Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Primary Liver Cancer ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽

Research Field ◽

Research Progress ◽

Current Status ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer with poor prognosis. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation are three conventional therapeutic options that will help only a limited percentage of HCC patients. Cancer immunotherapy has achieved dramatic advances in recent years and provides new opportunities to treat HCC. However, HCC has various etiologies and can evade the immune system through multiple mechanisms. With the rapid development of genetic engineering and synthetic biology, a variety of novel immunotherapies have been employed to treat advanced HCC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, engineered cytokines, and therapeutic cancer vaccines. In this review, we summarize the current landscape and research progress of different immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of HCC. The challenges and opportunities of this research field are also discussed.

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Nanomedicine in management of hepatocellular carcinoma: Challenges and opportunities

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.30517 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 140 (7) ◽

pp. 1475-1484 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Nourhan K. Mohamed ◽

Mostafa A. Hamad ◽

Mohamed Z.E. Hafez ◽

Karen L. Wooley ◽

Mahmoud Elsabahy

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

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Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13215524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 5524

Author(s):

Sharanya Maanasi Kalasekar ◽

Chad H. VanSant-Webb ◽

Kimberley J. Evason

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Phenotypic Heterogeneity ◽

Intratumor Heterogeneity ◽

Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Future Directions ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related death, but it remains difficult to treat. Intratumor genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity are inherent properties of breast, skin, lung, prostate, and brain tumors, and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) helps define prognosis and therapeutic response in these cancers. Several recent studies estimate that ITH is inherent to HCC and attribute the clinical intractability of HCC to this heterogeneity. In this review, we examine the evidence for genomic, phenotypic, and tumor microenvironment ITH in HCC, with a focus on two of the top molecular drivers of HCC: β-catenin (CTNNB1) and Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). We discuss the influence of ITH on HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, while highlighting the gaps in knowledge and possible future directions.

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