Antidiabetic effect of diasulin, a herbal drug, on blood glucose, plasma insulin and hepatic enzymes of glucose metabolism in hyperglycaemic rats

Bradykinin can enhance skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU), and exercise increases both bradykinin production and muscle insulin sensitivity, but bradykinin’s relationship with post-exercise insulin action is uncertain. Our primary aim was to determine if the B2 receptor of bradykinin (B2R) is essential for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscles. Wildtype (WT) and B2R knockout (B2RKO) mice were sedentary or performed 60 minutes of treadmill exercise. Isolated soleus muscles were incubated with [3H]-2-deoxyglucose ±insulin (60 or 100 μU/ml). GU tended to be greater for WT vs. B2RKO soleus with 60 μU/ml insulin (P=0.166) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μU/ml insulin (P<0.05). Both genotypes had significant exercise-induced reductions (P<0.05) in glycemia and insulinemia, and the decrements for glucose (~14 %) and insulin (~55 %) were similar between genotypes. GU tended to be greater for exercised vs. sedentary soleus with 60 μU/ml insulin (P=0.063) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μU/ml insulin (P<0.05). There were no significant interactions between genotype and exercise for blood glucose, plasma insulin or GU. These results indicate that the B2R is not essential for the exercise-induced decrements in blood glucose or plasma insulin or for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscle.

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Reproducibility of energy intake, gastric emptying, blood glucose, plasma insulin and cholecystokinin responses in healthy young males

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508042372 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (7) ◽

pp. 1094-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Nivasinee S. Nair ◽

Ixchel M. Brennan ◽

Tanya J. Little ◽

Diana Gentilcore ◽

Trygve Hausken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Young Male ◽

Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽

Hormone Release ◽

Intraindividual Variation ◽

Glucose Plasma

Gastric emptying, as well as intragastric meal distribution, and gastrointestinal hormones, including cholecystokinin (CCK), play an important role in appetite regulation. The evaluation of gastrointestinal factors regulating food intake is commonly performed in healthy, lean, young male participants. It has, however, been suggested that there is a marked interindividual variability in the effects of nutrient ‘preloads’ on energy intake in this group. Whether there is significant intraindividual variation in acute energy intake after a nutrient preload, and, if so, how this relates to day-to-day differences in gastric emptying and gastrointestinal hormone release, is unclear. The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the hypothesis that energy intake after a nutrient preload would be reproducible and associated with reproducible patterns of gastric emptying, intragastric distribution and gastrointestinal hormone release. Fifteen healthy men (age 25 (sem5) years) consumed a glucose preload (50 g glucose in 300 ml water; 815 kJ) on three occasions. Gastric emptying and intragastric meal distribution (using three-dimensional ultrasound), blood glucose, plasma insulin and CCK concentrations and appetite perceptions were evaluated over 90 min, and energy intake from a cold buffet-style meal was then quantified. Energy intake was highly reproducible within individuals between visits (intraclass correlation coefficient,ri = 0·9). Gastric emptying, intragastric meal distribution, blood glucose, plasma insulin and CCK concentrations and appetite perceptions did not differ between visits (ri>0·7 for all). In healthy males, energy intake is highly reproducible, at least in the short term, and is associated with reproducible patterns of gastric emptying, glycaemia, insulinaemia and CCK release.

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Topical application of the hypoglycemic agent glibenclamide and changes in blood glucose, plasma insulin (IRI) levels and plasma concentration of glibenclamide in normal rats

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/0168-8227(90)90091-7 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 19-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Takashi Yamamoto ◽

Kohtaro Katakabe ◽

Keisuke Akiyoshi ◽

Kohtaro Kan ◽

Takashi Asano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Topical Application ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Hypoglycemic Agent ◽

Glucose Plasma

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Glucose metabolism and incretins level in morbidly obese patients and in patients after biliopancreatic diversion performed for morbid obesity

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet2014124-31 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

I I Dedov ◽

G A Melnichenko ◽

E A Troshina ◽

N V Mazurina ◽

N A Ogneva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Biliopancreatic Diversion ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

We’ve studied a carbohydrate metabolism in morbidly obese (MO) patients and the patients after bariatric surgery. The patients of the 1st group had BMI40 (n=22) and no history of diabetes mellitus. Patients after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) performed for MO were included in the 2nd group (n=23). The 3rd group was a control group of normal weight healthy subjects (n=22). Blood glucose levels, insulin, GLP-1, GIP and glucagon during the OGTT (with 75 g of glucose) at 0, 30, 60 and 120 minutes were measured in all patients. In MO group fasting glucose levels were the highest. Impaired glucose metabolism was revealed in 68.2% of patients (n=10). Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was diagnosed in 4 cases (18.2%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 11 patients (50%). In the BPD postprandial blood glucose levels (120 min) were lower if compared to the other groups. In 4 individuals (17.4%) we found postprandial hypoglycemia (2.8 mmol/l). Patients of the MO group had the highest fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR (p0.001). The maximum of insulin concentration was seen on minute 30 of the OGTT in the 2nd and 3rd groups, and it was significantly higher in the post-bariatric patients (p=0.026). In MO group the maximum of the plasma insulin levels were on the 60th minute and were still elevated after 120 minutes. Fasting and stimulated (on the 30th minute) levels of GLP-1 were significantly higher after BPD (р=0.037 and p=0.022 at 0 and 30 min, respectively). Morbidly obese patients had higher fasting and stimulated GIP. Fasting glucagon concentrations were similar in the surgical and control groups, while the people with MO had higher initial levels of glucagon (p=0.013) and it was not suppressed during the OGTT (p=0.076). Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance incidence was higher in MO patients. Hyperglucagonemia, increased GIP and decreased GLP-1 levels are observed in MO patients. Stimulated plasma insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were significantly increased in patients who underwent BPD, and may cause postprandial hypoglycemia.

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