Factors influencing the normalization of CD4+ T-cell count, percentage and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in HIV-infected patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Background and Objectives: HIV enteropathy may cause disruption of the intestinal barrier, leading to a loss of CD4+ T cells, increased intestinal permeability, and microbial translocation. Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 has the ability to improve gut barrier function. This study investigated the effect of L. plantarum IS-10506 on a number of biomarkers of en- teropathy-related damage in HIV-infected paediatric patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 2-18 year-old children, diagnosed as HIV infected according to the WHO 2007 criteria who had received ARV for ≥ 6 months. Subjects were exclud- ed if ARV therapy was discontinued or the patients took probiotics ≥ 2 weeks prior to the study or during the study period. Subjects were randomized into a probiotic group and placebo group. The probiotic group received L. plantarum IS-10506 2.86 × 1010 cfu/day for 6 days. Blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level, serum CD4+ T cell count, serum CD8+ T cell count, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, and faecal sIgA level were assessed as biomarkers. Results: Twenty-one subjects completed this study. The blood LPS level decreased significantly in the probiotic group (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in absolute CD4+ T cell count, percent CD4+ cells, absolute CD8+ T cell count, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, or faecal sIgA. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 reduced the blood LPS level but showed no effect on the humoral mucosa and systemic immune response in HIV-infected children undergoing ARV therapy.

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Long-Term CD4+ T-Cell Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy According to Baseline CD4+ T-Cell Count

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/00126334-200406010-00007 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 702-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Felipe Garc??a ◽

Elisa de Lazzari ◽

Montserrat Plana ◽

Pedro Castro ◽

Gabriel Mestre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cell Response ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

T Cell Response ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Highly Active ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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Visceral Leishmaniasis in an AIDS Patient on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy: Failure of Parasite Eradication Despite Increase in CD4+T-Cell Count but Low CD8+T-Cell Count

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1080/00365540151061049 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 236-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anton Petter, Angela Shetty-Lee, Ga

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd8 T Cell ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Therapy Failure ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of CD4+ T cell count recovery in HIV type 1-infected patients is independent of class of antiretroviral therapy.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1139018.596123 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Sabin

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Hiv Type 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count ◽

Count Recovery

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HIV-Related Arterial Stiffness in Malawian Adults Is Associated With the Proportion of PD-1–Expressing CD8+ T Cells and Reverses With Antiretroviral Therapy

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 219 (12) ◽

pp. 1948-1958 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christine Kelly ◽

Henry C Mwandumba ◽

Robert S Heyderman ◽

Kondwani Jambo ◽

Raphael Kamng’ona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background The contribution of immune activation to arterial stiffness and its reversibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. Methods HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Malawian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4+ T-cell count of <100 cells/μL were enrolled and followed for 44 weeks; enrollment of infected adults occurred 2 weeks after ART initiation. We evaluated the relationship between carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and T-cell activation (defined as HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells), exhaustion (define as PD-1+ T cells), and senescence (defined as CD57+ T cells) and monocyte subsets, using normal regression. Results In 279 HIV-infected and 110 HIV-uninfected adults, 142 (37%) had hypertension. HIV was independently associated with a 12% higher cfPWV (P = .02) at baseline and a 14% higher cfPWV at week 10 (P = .02), but the increases resolved by week 22. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion were independently associated with a higher cfPWV at baseline (P = .02). At 44 weeks, arterial stiffness improved more in those with greater decreases in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and the percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). When considering HIV-infected participants alone, the adjusted arterial stiffness at week 44 tended to be lower in those with higher baseline percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .054). Conclusions PD-1+CD8+ T-cells are associated with HIV-related arterial stiffness, which remains elevated during the first 3 months of ART. Resources to prevent cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa should focus on blood pressure reduction and individuals with a low CD4+ T-cell count during early ART.

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PIMATM point-of-care testing for CD4 counts in predicting antiretroviral initiation in HIV-infected individuals in KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine ◽

10.4102/sajhivmed.v17i1.444 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mandisa Skhosana ◽

Shabashini Reddy ◽

Tarylee Reddy ◽

Siphelele Ntoyanto ◽

Elizabeth Spooner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Introduction: Limited information is available on the usefulness of the PIMATM analyser in predicting antiretroviral treatment eligibility and outcome in a primary healthcare clinic setting in disadvantaged communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Materials and methods: The study was conducted under the eThekwini Health Unit, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Comparison of the enumeration of CD4+ T-cells in 268 patients using the PIMATM analyser and the predicate National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) was undertaken during January to July 2013. Bland-Altman analysis to calculate bias and limits of agreement, precision and levels of clinical misclassification at various CD4+ T-cell count thresholds was performed.Results: There was high precision of the PIMATM control bead cartridges with low and normal CD4+ T-cell counts using three different PIMATM analysers (%CV < 5). Under World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (≤ 500 cells/mm3), the sensitivity of the PIMATM analyser was 94%, specificity 78% and positive predictive value (PPV) 95%. There were 24 (9%) misclassifications, of which 13 were false-negative in whom the mean bias was 149 CD4+ T-cells/mm3. Most (87%) patients returned for their CD4 test result but only 67% (110/164) of those eligible (≤ 350 cells/mm3) were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a time to treatment of 49 days (interquartile range [IQR], 42–64 days).Conclusion: There was adequate agreement between PIMATM analyser and predicate NHLS CD4+ T-cell count enumeration (≤ 500 cells/mm3) in adult HIV-positive individuals. The high PPV, sensitivity and acceptable specificity of the PIMATM analyser technology lend it as a reliable tool in predicting eligibility and rapid linkage to care in ART programmes.Keywords: HIV; Point of Care; PIMATM CD4+ T cell counts; antiretroviral therapy; prediction/eligibility; South Africa

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