Contingency Theory and Classical Autonomic Excitatory and Inhibitory Conditioning: Some Problems of Assessment and Interpretation

Using contingency theory, we argue that there is not a uniform approach for companies to govern information technology (IT) investments. Rather, the level of governance over IT investments is contingent upon the organization’s goals for its IT investments. We find that Australian organizations with both operation- and market-focused IT investment goals (i.e. dual-focused IT goals) demonstrate higher IT investment governance (ITIG) levels than those with less focused IT goals. We also document that dual-IT-focused firms that do not implement high levels of ITIG underperform. Our study informs business executives, boards of directors, and other practitioners interested in governance implementations over IT investments. JEL Classification: M1

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Corporate cleaner production strategy development and environmental management accounting: A contingency theory perspective

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127402 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 127402

Author(s):

A.D.Nuwan Gunarathne ◽

Ki-Hoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Contingency Theory ◽

Management Accounting ◽

Cleaner Production ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Environmental Management Accounting ◽

Production Strategy

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Inhibitory Conditioning Resulting from a Reduction in the Magnitude of Reinforcement

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B ◽

10.1080/14640748208400884 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 34 (3b) ◽

pp. 163-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. M. Cotton ◽

Glyn Goodall ◽

N. J. Mackintosh

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Control ◽

Shock Intensity ◽

Conditioned Suppression ◽

Summation Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Conditioned Inhibitor ◽

Inhibitory Conditioning ◽

Experimental Subjects ◽

The Difference

Five experiments, all employing conditioned suppression in rats, studied inhibitory conditioning to a stimulus signalling a reduction in shock intensity. Experimental subjects were conditioned to a tone signalling a 1·0 mA shock and to a tone-light compound signalling a 0·4 mA shock. On a summation test in which it alleviated the suppression maintained by a third stimulus also associated with the 1·0 mA shock, the light was established as a conditioned inhibitor. Retardation tests gave ambiguous results: the light was relatively slow to condition when paired, either alone or in conjunction with another stimulus, with the 0·4 mA shock, but the difference from a novel stimulus control group was not significant. Two final experiments found no evidence at all of inhibition on a summation test in which the light was presented in conjunction with a stimulus that had itself been associated with the 0·4 mA shock. The results of these experiments have implications for the question of what animals learn during the course of inhibitory conditioning.

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Exploratory studies of inhibitory conditioning in honeybees (Apis mellifera).

Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes ◽

10.1037/0097-7403.25.1.103 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. A. Couvillon ◽

Christopher D. Ablan ◽

M. E. Bitterman

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Inhibitory Conditioning

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Leadership approaches for modern nursing practice

British Journal of Cardiac Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjca.2020.0091 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Peter Ellis

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Transformational Leadership ◽

Nursing Practice ◽

Contingency Theory ◽

Leadership Role ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

The Core ◽

Leadership Approaches ◽

Cardiovascular Care

This article identifies leadership as a key responsibility of all nurses, including those working in cardiovascular care—whether they are in a leadership role or whether they have to exercise it in their practice. It identifies that, contrary to early theories, leadership knowledge and skills may be taught and learned. It identifies the core definitions of leadership as being influenced by the person, result, position, purpose or process. It goes on to discuss two key approaches to leadership that suit modern nursing practice: contingency theory and transformational leadership. These approaches are demonstrated as pertinent to modern nursing practice because they focus on the development of people and the team, and require emotional intelligence.

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