Gender, Politics and Policy Change: The Case of Welfare Reform Under New Labour

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Annesley
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPolitics and gender scholarship is increasingly seeking to understand the relationship between the presence of women in politics and gendered policy outcomes – the substantive representation of women (SRW). Yet its focus remains squarely on the activities of ‘critical actors’ in parliaments and women's policy agencies and on ‘feminist’ rather than ‘mainstream’ policy areas. In contrast, this article investigates the impact of feminist actors in a range of institutional settings on recent processes of welfare reform in the UK. It finds that the gendered welfare reform introduced by New Labour was initiated and pushed through by a coalition of committed feminist actors across a range of institutions. Crucially, the reforms relied on the existence of ‘strategic actors’ and ‘gate openers’, defined as feminist actors in positions of significant institutional power. It makes a contribution to the actor-centred SRW scholarship, develops an institutionalist approach to this research and identifies the need for a political economy perspective to understanding how women can shape policy outcomes.

scholarly journals New Labour, New Policies: Constructing a Discourse of Citizenship

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Keith Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Citizenship Education ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Political Context ◽  
British Society ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Legitimation Crisis ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is examine the development of citizenship education as a curriculum priority within the UK. Employing Habermas' theory of legitimation crisis, the paper places the contemporary enthusiasm for citizenship education within a socioeconomic, cultural and political context. The paper argues that current preoccupations with citizenship education contained in Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools (Dfee, 1999), stem from the impact of Neo-Liberal concerns with individualism, economic and technological globalisation and the potential fragmentation of contemporary society. The paper explores the principles of education for citizenship and the teaching of democracy in schools and suggests that, as part of New Labour's developing conception of British society, citizenship education asks some fundamental questions of that society.

scholarly journals A Seat at the Table or a Power Seat: The Impact of Simple Representation Versus Power Representation of Women in Government on Funding for Primary Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p48
Author(s):  
Pearl E. Sullivan ◽  
Cassandra E. DiRienzo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Federal Spending ◽  
Simple Representation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

Scholars have repeatedly shown that female politicians focus more on common good issues such as health care and education than their male counterparts. When men hold the majority of positions of political power these issues may not be raised for debate within government even if women are present. Using a cross-country dataset, this research examines the impact of women in government on public spending on primary education. Specifically, it explores whether it is enough for women to be represented in government, or if they must have a position of power to effect policy outcomes. The analysis results indicate that both women’s simple representation and power representation are significantly positively correlated with increases in federal spending on primary education; however, when women hold positions of political power there is a greater impact on funding than when they simply hold a seat in the legislature.

37. Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ashworth ◽  
Julian V. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Sentencing represents the apex of the criminal process and is the most public stage of the criminal justice system. Controversial sentences attract widespread media coverage, intense public interest, and much public and political criticism. This chapter explores sentencing in the United Kingdom, and draws some conclusions with relevance to other common law jurisdictions. Sentencing has changed greatly in recent years, notably through the introduction of sentencing guidelines in England and Wales, and more recently, Scotland. However, there are still doubts about the fairness and consistency of sentencing practice, not least in the use of imprisonment. Among the key issues to be examined in this chapter are the tendency towards net-widening, the effects of race and gender, the impact of pleading guilty, the use of indeterminate sentences, the rise of mandatory sentences, and the role of the victim in the sentencing process. The chapter begins by outlining the methods by which cases come before the courts for sentencing. It then summarizes the specific sentences available to courts and examines current sentencing patterns, before turning to a more detailed exploration of sentencing guidelines, and of the key issues identified above. The chapter addresses two critical questions: What is sentencing (namely who exerts the power to punish)? Does sentencing in the UK measure up to appropriate standards of fairness and consistency?

CEO incentive compensation and earnings management

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2447-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madi Almadi ◽  
Philip Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Corporate Governance Quality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of CEO incentive-based compensation on earnings management, taking into account the influence of institutional settings and corporate governance systems. Design/methodology/approach Using archival data of 3,000 British, Australian, German, and Austrian firm-years between 2005 and 2014, the study applies fixed-effect estimator to reduce risks of endogeneity bias. Findings The findings reveal that institutional factors influence the relationship between CEO incentive-based compensation and earnings management. Particularly, firms from countries within the Anglo-American model (the UK and Australia), which provide greater protection for investor, stricter legal enforcement, and higher quality of corporate governance, tend to have lower level of earnings management. However, besides corporate governance quality, it is relevant to consider weaker investor protection and legal enforcement to motivate earnings management in firms from countries within the Euro-Continental model (Germany and Austria). Originality/value The study suggests that robust implementation of corporate governance, derived from either model, helps in restraining CEO opportunistic behavior. Importantly, more qualified institutions have higher impact on the relative adequacy of CEO incentive-based pay formulas in mitigating earnings management concerns. This can be extended by future research through comparative studies using other contexts or influential institutions.

scholarly journals The fourth industrial revolution and gender disparity: Is anything changing?

Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Vera Marković
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Gender disparity is present in the field of engineering and more broadly STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). Statistical data on the enrollment in one of technical faculties in the Republic of Serbia over three decades illustrate this phenomenon, and there is a similar situation everywhere in the world. The negative effects of the under-representation of women in these areas on society and the economy have been recognized and a number of measures have been taken to mitigate them. With rapid technological changes, information technology development and the fourth industrial revolution, the labor market is changing and the global demand for STEM professions is growing. This paper discusses the impact that these technological changes may have on the existing disparity between women and men in the mentioned areas.

scholarly journals Women’s Participation in Politics as Represented in the Novel “In Praise of Hatred”

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nor Fatin Abdul Jabar ◽  
Kamariah Yunus ◽  
Nurul Fatihah Muhamad Nazmi ◽  
Muhammad Farriz Aziz ◽  
Nurul Afiqah Muhammad Zani
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Political Discourse Analysis ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
And Gender

In today’s reality, there is a definite gap when it comes to men’s and women’s participation in politics. It can be seen that the society prefers men to lead them, make decisions and solve problems. The society assumes men to have better leadership qualities, but people tend to be sceptical when it comes to women. In Syria, men’s responsibilities as leaders and the ones who make decisions are valued highly by the Syrian society. They believe that men’s power and abilities to lead are more stable, prosperous and secure than women. Among the society, women are considered as subordinates and excluded from negotiations. This matter is highlighted in Syrian literature too, especially in novels and writings since masculinity, is practiced in Syrian society. This present study attempted to investigate the gender stereotypes on politics portrayed in the novel “In Praise of Hatred”, by Khaled Khalifa. The present study employed a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach to investigate the pragmatic representation of politics portrayed in the controversial Syrian novel. The findings focused on the representation of women in politics. To this end, Van Dijk’s Social-political Discourse Analysis Approach was adopted to reveal the ideology behind the constructions. The issues of gender and politics were analysed based on the pragmatic representation in the novel. Adopting the Social-political Discourse Analysis approach under Sociocognitive Discourse Studies (SCDS), the criteria of social aspects (politics and gender) were being looked at thoroughly. Regarding subject positions, the data analysis showed that the portrayal of gender is always biased and women’s participation in politics is not encouraged.

Policing Belonging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpa Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

This chapter considers the impact of the police’s increased involvement in migration control. How (and with what consequences) do criminalization, migration, race, and gender intersect when the police are asked to respond to migration and fears about migrants? Drawing on empirical research on police custody suites, the piece discusses how the policing of migration questions the presence of minority ethnic groups in the UK, the wider implications for those who cannot belong, and how procedures are racialized. It also highlights the widening reach of the police, whose work is increasingly carried out in conjunction with other actors including those who have been enlisted to surveil, report, and help enforce migration policy. The chapter brings to light the everyday forms of racism renewed through the policing of migrants while exploring how those who are deemed risky, not belonging, criminal, or a threat to social and economic resources are racialized.

scholarly journals Refugee immigration and the growth of low-wage work in the EU15

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Fredrik Andersson ◽  
Rikard Eriksson ◽  
Sandro Scocco
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Wage Work ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Wage Work

Abstract Our paper focuses on current trends in refugee migration and job polarization. In so doing, we assess the role of refugee migration in relation to institutional, technologicalty 1 and globalization factors in an effort to trace the factors underlying the growth of low-paying occupations in EU 15 between 1995 and 2017. Our empirical findings suggest that refugee migration has a small but positive and statistically significant impact on the growth of low-wage occupations in the EU 15 as a whole. However, the effect is attributed to Southern Europe and the UK and Irish economies. Despite hosting relatively large numbers of refugee migrants, the effects in the Nordic countries and Continental Europe are negligible, if present, and non-existent in the long run (5 years). When including all migrant workers, we find a limited impact on the growth of low-wage work in general, while the impact of immigrant workers from low-income third party countries becomes positive for the UK and Irish economy, but less for other European macro-regions. This suggests that institutional settings can play an important role in how the economy adjusts to migration. It also suggests that traditional fiscal cost calculations in relation to migration are often overestimated, as they implicitly build on the assumption that refugees and general immigration have great impacts on the growth of low-wage occupations.

Identity in Campaign Finance and Elections: The Impact of Gender and Race on Money Raised in 2010–2018 U.S. House Elections

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110228
Author(s):  
Ashley Sorensen ◽  
Philip Chen
Keyword(s):  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Disproportionate rates of congressional representation based on gender and race are especially stark considering the symbolic and substantive meaning derived from descriptive representation (Mansbridge 1999). Using an original data set consisting of candidate demographics, district characteristics, and campaign finance reports, we analyze an understudied barrier to representation: unequal access to campaign receipts. We argue that it is the simultaneous gendering and racialization of the campaign finance system that produces gaps in campaign fundraising and representation (Crenshaw 1989). Our results underscore the limitations of unitary approaches which conclude that women no longer face a disadvantage in campaign fundraising. Unequal access to campaign receipts serve as a barrier to the descriptive representation of women of color. By analyzing the interaction of both race and gender on campaign receipt totals in U.S. House elections from 2010 to 2018, we assert the path to representation is not equal for all.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document