This study explores interactions between the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways in the regulation of progesterone production in early corpus luteum cells of rats. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E (PGE) and progesterone production was analysed in luteal cells of the rat corpus luteum exposed to inhibitors of non-specific NOS, inhibitors of inducible NOS (iNOS) and inhibitors of COX. Equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG)/hCG-primed rat corpus luteum cells produced NO, PGE and progesterone in a linear manner during 66 h of culture. Exposure of the cells to the non-specific NOS inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (0.15 mmol l(-1)) for 48 h reduced NO, PGE and progesterone production to 21, 32 and 60% of that of the controls, respectively (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Another non-specific NOS inhibitor, N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine, produced similar inhibitions. Exposure of the cultured cells to S-ethylisothiourea (1 mmol l(-1)), a selective inhibitor of iNOS, suppressed the production of NO by 63%, PGE by 69% and progesterone by 48%. These findings indicate that production of PGE is regulated partly by iNOS, and that progesterone is probably regulated indirectly by the secondary changes in PGE. The addition of arachidonic acid to N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine-treated cells resulted in a significant increase in PGE and progesterone production (273 and 186%, respectively) without stimulating NO production. In contrast to the regulation exerted by the NO system on COX activity, the COX system does not modulate NO production in this model. This notion stems from the observation that the COX inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid (5 mmol l(-1)) and indomethacin (5 micromol l(-1)) suppressed PGE by 86 and 89%, respectively, and progesterone by 34 and 57%, respectively, but failed to inhibit NO production. The results from the present study indicate that iNOS-mediated NO production is involved in stimulating PGE synthesis in rat luteal cells, which may upregulate progesterone production.
Prostaglandin F2 increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the periphery of the bovine corpus luteum: the possible regulation of blood flow at an early stage of luteolysis
