Effect of Chronic Ethanol Consumption on Protective T-Helper 1 and T-Helper 2 Immune Responses Against the Parasites Leishmania major and Strongyloides stercoralis in Mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro J. Krolewiecki ◽  
Shalom Leon ◽  
Phillip A. Scott ◽  
Thomas J. Nolan ◽  
Gerhard A. Schad ◽  
...  
2007 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Shin ◽  
Sang-Hyup Lee ◽  
Jae-Lip Kim ◽  
Yun-Kyu Park ◽  
Jong-Yil Chai

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 698-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costica Aloman ◽  
Stephan Gehring ◽  
Philip Wintermeyer ◽  
Noriyoshi Kuzushita ◽  
Jack R. Wands

Immunology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Gill ◽  
K. Altmann ◽  
M. L. Cross ◽  
A. J. Husband

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 7215-7218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Debus ◽  
Joachim Gläsner ◽  
Martin Röllinghoff ◽  
André Gessner

ABSTRACT Myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) is a general adaptor for the signaling cascade through receptors of the Toll/IL-1R family. When infected with Leishmania major parasites, MyD88-deficient mice displayed a dramatically enhanced parasite burden in their tissues similar to that found in susceptible BALB/c mice. In contrast, MyD88 knockout mice did not develop ulcerating lesions despite a lack of interleukin-12 (IL-12) production and a predominant T helper 2 cell response. Blockade of IL-4 produced early (day 1) after infection restored a protective T helper 1 response in MyD88 knockout mice.


Immunology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Yoshino ◽  
Kouya Yamaki ◽  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Tao Sai ◽  
Rie Yanagisawa ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Masutaka Furue ◽  
Mihoko Furue

OX40 is one of the co-stimulatory molecules expressed on T cells, and it is engaged by OX40L, primarily expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells. The OX40L–OX40 axis is involved in the sustained activation and expansion of effector T and effector memory T cells, but it is not active in naïve and resting memory T cells. Ligation of OX40 by OX40L accelerates both T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) effector cell differentiation. Recent therapeutic success in clinical trials highlights the importance of the OX40L–OX40 axis as a promising target for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Maurizio Romagnuolo ◽  
Mauro Barbareschi ◽  
Simona Tavecchio ◽  
Luisa Angileri ◽  
Silvia Mariel Ferrucci

Alopecia areata (AA), an autoimmune disease with a relapsing-remitting course, represents the second cause of non­scarring alopecia worldwide and is associated with several comorbidities, notably atopic dermatitis (AD). In particular, AD is related to its more severe forms alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) [Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17011]. Considering that AA has been classified as T helper 1-driven disease, whereas AD is the prototypical T helper 2 (Th2)-driven skin disorder, recent studies suggest that these forms may underlie a different chemokine expression resulting in a Th2 skewing as a key pathomechanism that could explain this association [JAMA Dermatol. 2015 May;151(5):522–8]. Several reports showed that dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin 4α receptor and thus downregulating Th2 response, led to an improvement of AA associated with AD; most of these patients were females with AT or AU, early-onset AD, and atopic comorbidities [Exp Dermatol. 2020 Aug;29(8):726–32]. We report here a case to further support this hypothesis.


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