Change in Racial and Ethnic Residential Inequality in American Cities, 1970–2000

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Timberlake ◽  
John Iceland
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Ethnic Residential Segregation ◽  
Residential Inequality ◽  
American Cities

We complement and extend research on change in racial and ethnic residential segregation by estimating determinants of change from 1970 to 2000 in four measures of residential inequality—dissimilarity, entropy, isolation, and net difference—between American Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Latinos. Because we use a longer time horizon and multiple measures, our findings clearly demonstrate some convergence in residential location patterns across groups, indicating gradual spatial assimilation in U.S. metropolitan areas. Although Blacks continue to be more segregated than either Asians or Latinos, residential inequality has declined more rapidly for Blacks than for the other two groups, particularly in terms of neighborhood socioeconomic status. We also find that all three groups, but particularly Asians, have been converting income gains relative to Whites into improved neighborhood socioeconomic status more than into increased residential integration with Whites.

Ethnic residential segregation and identificational assimilation: An intergenerational analysis of those claiming single (heritage) and dual (with Australian) ancestries

Ethnicities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1165
Author(s):  
James Forrest ◽  
Ron Johnston ◽  
Frank Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Minority Ethnic Group ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethnic Residential Segregation ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Faced with increasing flows of immigrants from countries with very different ethnic and cultural compositions, identity has become an important part of the public debate on immigration and minority ethnic group assimilation. Yet, identificational assimilation, associated with the emergence of a new social identity as ethnic immigrant groups merge with host society members while often retaining some ‘inner layer’ of heritage ancestry or background, is among the least studied of assimilation sub-processes. Like other aspects of assimilation, it is an intergenerational process, but one which occurs unevenly among immigrant groups from different cultural backgrounds. Spatially, there is an underlying assumption that those more identificationally assimilated will be less segregated from host society members. Focusing on ancestral identification, whether heritage (ethnic or cultural background) only or dual (heritage-Australian), we analyse three generations of a cross-section of ethnic immigrant groups in Sydney, Australia’s largest immigrant-receiving city. Results highlight a major identificational shift in the third generation plus the ways in which intergenerational identificational assimilation, though seemingly inexorable, progresses unevenly among ethnic immigrant groups, with results affecting their spatial assimilation.

Residential segregation in the American metropolis: concentration, dispersion and dominance

Urban History ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Zunz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Clustering Patterns

Measuring residential segregation is a challenging and crucial task. Many important questions in urban history can be understood fully only after correctly assessing the importance and significance of the clustering patterns of different groups of urbanites. However, the extent to which and the ways in which various social classes, races, and ethnic groups congregated in the expanding industrial metropolis of nineteenth-century America form the subject of heated debates among historians. With large black ghettos now existing in all major cities, experts and lay citizens alike agree that Americans live in a ‘separated society’. In the first half of the twentieth century, metropolitan areas took the form of ghettoized central cities with white suburbs. With the transfer of many urban functions to suburban units, and the shift of America from a nation of urbanites to a nation of suburbanites, a complex pattern of suburban segregation also developed. The universal concern about the magnitude of today's segregation makes the historical debate intriguing. Was it once different? Was there a time when cities were integrated? At some time in the past, many believe, American cities were better places in which to live—hence we should strive to recover our lost community.

Hispanic Segregation in Metropolitan America: Exploring the Multiple Forms of Spatial Assimilation

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Iceland ◽  
Kyle Anne Nelson
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Group Characteristics

This article investigates patterns of spatial assimilation of Hispanics in U.S. metropolitan areas. Using restricted-use data from the 2000 Census, we calculate Hispanics' levels of residential segregation by race and nativity and then estimate multivariate models to examine the association of group characteristics with these patterns. To obtain a more nuanced view of spatial assimilation, we use alternative reference groups in the segregation calculations-Anglos, African Americans, and Hispanics not of the same race. We find that Hispanics experience multiple and concurrent forms of spatial assimilation across generations: U.S.-born White, Black, and other-race Hispanics tend to be less segregated from Anglos, African Americans, and U.S.-born Hispanics not of the same race than are the foreign-born of the respective groups. We find some exceptions, suggesting that race continues to influence segregation despite the general strength of assimilation-related factors: Black Hispanics display high levels of segregation from Anglos, and U.S.-born Black Hispanics are no less segregated from other Hispanic groups than are their foreign-born counterparts.

scholarly journals Black-White Disparities in Pediatric Asthma in Metropolitan Areas, 2015: Assessing the Roles of Residential Inequality and Segregation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Friedman ◽  
Emily Rosenbaum ◽  
Hui-shien Tsao ◽  
Recai Yucel ◽  
Dan He
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Residential Characteristics ◽  
American Housing Survey ◽  
Residential Inequality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Index Of Dissimilarity

Little research has explored how black-white residential inequality and residential segregation are associated and moderate black-white disparities in pediatric asthma. This paper contributes to this limited literature by using data for children in the 2015 American Housing Survey Metropolitan samples. Controlling for black-white inequalities in residential characteristics, segregation, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics, we find that the black-white disparity in pediatric asthma remains and slightly widens. We also find that the level of segregation, as measured by the index of dissimilarity and black isolation, moderates the association between children’s race and asthma. In areas with lower levels of dissimilarity and black isolation, whites’ predicted probabilities of asthma are greater than those of black children. However, when the index of dissimilarity is at least 60% and the black isolation is at least 50%, the racial disparity reverses, and black children’s predicted probabilities of asthma are significantly higher than those of whites.

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