Do input subsidy programs “crowd in” or “crowd out” commercial market development? Modeling fertilizer demand in a two-channel marketing system

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiying Xu ◽  
William J. Burke ◽  
Thomas S. Jayne ◽  
Jones Govereh
Keyword(s):  
Market Development ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Crowd Out ◽  
Fertilizer Demand ◽  
Subsidy Programs

scholarly journals Equilibrium Effects of Firm Subsidies

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 3475-3513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rotemberg
Keyword(s):  
Small Firm ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Crowd Out ◽  
Indirect Losses ◽  
Subsidy Programs

Subsidy programs have two countervailing effects on firms: direct gains for eligible firms and indirect losses for those whose competitors are eligible. In 2006, India changed the eligibility criteria for small-firm subsidies, and the sales of newly eligible firms grew by roughly 35 percent. Competitors of the newly eligible firms were affected, with almost complete crowd-out within products that were less internationally traded, but little crowd-out for more-traded products. The newly eligible firms had relatively high marginal products, so relaxing the eligibility criteria for subsidies increased aggregate productivity by around 1−2 percent. Targeting different firms could have led to similar gains. (JEL D22, D24, H25, L25, L52, L60, O14)

Effectuation and Morphogenesis in the New Zealand Fairtrade Marketing System

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399
Author(s):  
Michelle Renton ◽  
Hamish Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Market Development ◽  
Loose Coupling ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Initial Exploration

We address the influence of and constraints on actors, networks, structures and institutions within marketing systems. Using case study analysis we contribute to effectuation literature by discussing the loose coupling of Fairtrade ANZ to its market development partners. While creating certainty for producers by maintaining focus on its development aims, Fairtrade ANZ adopts an affordable loss approach to market development, arguably at the cost of communicating to its highly fragmented and contingent market place. Simmonds, Gazley, and Dallenbach’s (2018) morphogenetic cycle framework brings a theoretical and analytical lens to examining the Fairtrade marketing system by delayering the interconnections, interdependencies and interrelations existing within each layer. In untangling the embedded social, historical and institutional contexts within which Fairtrade ANZ exists we offer this paper as an initial exploration of effectuation, change and stability in a complex marketing system.

Human Capital Accumulation and Resource Abundance

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
O. Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Crowd Out

Does resource abundance positively affect human capital accumulation? Or, alternatively, does it «crowd out» the human capital leading to the deterioration of economic growth? The paper gives an overview of the relevant literature and discusses both theoretical and empirical results obtained regarding the connection between human capital accumulation and resource abundance. It shows that despite some theoretical predictions about the harmful effect of resource abundance on human capital accumulation, unambiguous evidence of such impact that would be robust with respect to the change of resource abundance parameter has not been obtained yet.

On one event in the history of reforms in China

2017 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Market Development ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Balance Of Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Party Congress ◽  
Chinese Reforms

The paper analyzes confrontation concerning continuation of market reforms between main groups in Chinese elite after Tiananmen in 1989 and collapse of USSR in 1991. It considers in details the ‘southern tour’ of Deng Xiaoping in early 1992 and its impact on the balance of interests in Chinese elites before the 14th party congress. The paper shows also the specifics of Chinese reforms which combine market development with creation of rents for main elite groups.

ANALYSIS OF UKRAINIAN PLANT OIL MARKET DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
M. E. Bondarchuk ◽  
◽  
V. V. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Development ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Oil Market

AMKA, Tanzania-export market development services for SMEs

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Leon Tomesen ◽  
Alan Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Export Market ◽  
Market Development
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