The importance of small-scale heterogeneity in boreal forests: variation in diversity in forest-floor invertebrates across the succession gradient

Ecography ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Niemelä ◽  
Yrjö Haila ◽  
Pekka Punttila
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Heterogeneity

Small-scale heterogeneity in carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane production from aggregates of a cultivated sandy-loam soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2468-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Sey ◽  
Ameur M. Manceur ◽  
Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Edward G. Gregorich ◽  
Philippe Rochette
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Heterogeneity ◽  
Loam Soil

Distillation in a boreal mossy forest floor

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Carleton ◽  
K M.M Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Microclimate Monitoring ◽  
Capillary Wicking

The feathermoss-dominated floor of coniferous boreal forests can experience midsummer drought. From ecophysiological studies, based on single shoots, it is unclear how the live moss carpet can survive such stress. External capillary wicking from the lowest, moist organic layers is one possibility. Another is evaporation from the same source followed by condensation on the upper, live moss shoots (distillation). A laboratory wicking experiment showed that, under ideal conditions, much of the organic forest floor profile can be supplied with moisture by capillarity from below. However, the uppermost live moss shoots could not be hydrated by this mechanism. In contrast, a gravimetric field experiment indicated nocturnal mass gain by turves of live moss shoots, placed in situ on the forest floor, during dry-down conditions. For turf treatments with an underlying vapour barrier, no such mass gain was evident. Turf treatments with a vapour barrier on top were little different from controls. It is concluded that nocturnal distillation occurs during all summer dry-downs and that this is likely to ensure moss shoot survival during diurnal periods of drought stress. Limited microclimate monitoring indicated that nocturnal cooling at the forest floor surface was sufficient to bring the moss shoot surfaces to the dew point and to reverse the daytime temperature gradient through the organic forest floor profile. This appears to be most noticeable late in the growing season when the lowermost organic layers have progressively warmed throughout the summer.

scholarly journals Identification of candidate soil microbes responsible for small-scale heterogeneity in strawberry plant vigour

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2049-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng WEI ◽  
Rong FAN ◽  
Thomas Passey ◽  
Xiao-ping HU ◽  
Xiangming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Scale Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Contrasting patterns in the small-scale heterogeneity of human helminth infections in urban and rural environments in Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Brooker ◽  
Neal Alexander ◽  
Stefan Geiger ◽  
Rana A. Moyeed ◽  
Julian Stander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Heterogeneity ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Rural Environments

A Multiscale Finite Element Framework for Reactive Contaminant Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Nakshatrala ◽  
A. J. Valocchi
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Heterogeneous Porous Media ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Full Resolution ◽  
Scale Heterogeneity ◽  
Reactive Pollutant ◽  
Reservoir Description

Mixing of chemical species across plume boundaries has a major influence upon the fate of the reactive pollutant in the subsurface. Small-scale heterogeneity leads to irregular plume boundaries which enhances mixing-controlled reactions through increasing the interfacial area of the plume. Therefore, it is crucial to capture this small-scale heterogeneity in order to properly model reactive transport. Unfortunately, computational limitations do not permit full resolution of the smallest scales of heterogeneity as the size of geomodels used for reservoir description typically exceeds by several orders of magnitude the capabilities of conventional reservoir simulators. Thus, it is necessary to use a coarse numerical grid, particularly for the cases with a large number of reactive species.

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