High-altitude training does not increase maximal oxygen uptake or work capacity at sea level in rowers

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jensen ◽  
T. S. Nielsen ◽  
A. Fiskestrand ◽  
J. O. Lund ◽  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Altitude Training

Effects of hypoxia, heat, and humidity on physical performance

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lahiri ◽  
C. A. Weitz ◽  
J. S. Milledge ◽  
M. C. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Performance Capacity ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Physical Performance Capacity

The effects of hot, humid environment were compared with the effects of high altitude on the physical performance capacity of Ne-palese residents by measuring oxygen uptakes and heart rates at various work rates. The following groups of men were selected: 66 residents of a hot and humid environment in the Terai at sea level; 24 residents and 16 sojourners at 3,8000 m. The maximal oxygen uptake of the sea-level residents was, on the average, 2.55 1.min-1, at which a maximal heart rate of about 200 beats/min was reached. The sojourners at 3,800 m showed a higher maximal oxygen uptake (2.94 1. min-1) at their maximal heart rate of about 175 beats/min. The residents of 3,800 m achieved a similiar oxygen uptake as the sojourners, but did not show a similar maximal heart rate limitation, suggesting that they were capable of achieving a higher maximal oxygen uptake. This study shows that hot, humid environment at sea level is as much incapacitating as is hypoxia at high altitude.

High-altitude adaptation and maximum work performance

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. R619-R623
Author(s):  
E. S. Johnson ◽  
C. A. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Hypobaric Chamber ◽  
Altitude Adaptation ◽  
Maximum Work ◽  
Positive Effect

The treadmill work performance of rats at sea level with normal or elevated hematocrits was compared with that of rats conditioned in a hypobaric chamber at 450 Torr for 3 wk with similar hematocrit adjustments. A mean increase in hematocrit to 62 significantly improved the work performance of rats at sea level and at ambient O2 tensions of 100, 75, and 35 Torr. By contrast, rats conditioned in a hypobaric chamber with mean hematocrits of 40 and 58 performed similarly at all O2 tensions compared with sea-level rats with hematocrits of 43. Thus, although an increase in O2-carrying capacity of the blood of sea-level animals increased work capacity, altitude adaptation did not appear to result in any positive effect on work capacity, and indeed, seemed to interfere with the beneficial effect of polycythemia on maximum work performance.

Skeletal muscle changes after endurance training at high altitude

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2114-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. X. Bigard ◽  
A. Brunet ◽  
C. Y. Guezennec ◽  
H. Monod
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Simulated High Altitude

The effects of endurance training on the skeletal muscle of rats have been studied at sea level and simulated high altitude (4,000 m). Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: exercise at sea level, exercise at simulated high altitude, sedentary at sea level, and sedentary at high altitude (n = 8 in each group). Training consisted of swimming for 1 h/day in water at 36 degrees C for 14 wk. Training and exposure to a high-altitude environment produced a decrease in body weight (P less than 0.001). There was a significant linear correlation between muscle mass and body weight in the animals of all groups (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). High-altitude training enhanced the percentage of type IIa fibers in the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL, P less than 0.05) and deep portions of the plantaris muscle (dPLA, P less than 0.01). High-altitude training also increased the percentage of type IIab fibers in fast-twitch muscles. These muscles showed marked metabolic adaptations: training increased the activity levels of enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle (citrate synthase, CS) and the beta-oxidation of fatty acids (3 hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HAD). This increase occurred mainly at high altitude (36 and 31% for HAD in EDL and PLA muscles; 24 and 31% for CS in EDL and PLA muscles). Training increased the activity of enzymes involved in glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase). High-altitude training decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Endurance training performed at high altitude and sea level increased the isozyme 1-to-total lactate dehydrogenase activity ratio to the same extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Oxygen uptake in man during exhaustive work at sea level and high altitude.

1967 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Hansen ◽  
J A Vogel ◽  
G P Stelter ◽  
C F Consolazio
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level

scholarly journals The Effect of High Altitude Training on Work Capacity

Sangyo Igaku ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
N. Shiraishi ◽  
T. Oka ◽  
S. Horigome ◽  
E. Senda ◽  
A. Sugata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Altitude Training

scholarly journals Physiological aspects of altitude training and the use of altitude simulators

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Goran Rankovic ◽  
Dragan Radovanovic
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Training Modalities

Altitude training in various forms is widely practiced by athletes and coaches in an attempt to improve sea level endurance. Training at high altitude may improve performance at sea level through altitude acclimatization, which improves oxygen transport and/or utilization, or through hypoxia, which intensifies the training stimulus. This basic physiological aspect allows three training modalities: live high and train high (classic high-altitude training), live low and train high (training through hypoxia), and live high and train low (the new trend). In an effort to reduce the financial and logistical challenges of traveling to high-altitude training sites, scientists and manufactures have developed artificial high-altitude environments, which simulate the hypoxic conditions of moderate altitude (2000-3000 meters). Endurance athletes from many sports have recently started using nitrogen environments, or hypoxic rooms and tents as part of their altitude training programmes. The results of controlled studies on these modalities of high-altitude training, their practical approach, and ethics are summarized.

The Borg Scale at high altitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thomas Küpper ◽  
N. Heussen ◽  
Audry Morrison ◽  
Volker Schöffl ◽  
Buddha Basnyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Randomized Design

<p><b>Introduction: </b>The Borg Scale for perceived exertion is well established in science and sport to keep an appropriate level of workload or to rate physical strain. Although it is also often used at moderate and high altitude, it was never validated for hypoxic conditions. Since pulse rate and minute breathing volume at rest are increased at altitude it may be expected that the rating of the same workload is higher at altitude compared to sea level. <p> <b>Material and methods: </b>16 mountaineers were included in a prospective randomized design trial. Standardized workload (ergometry) and rating of the perceived exertion (RPE) were performed at sea level, at 3,000 m, and at 4,560 m. For validation of the scale Maloney-Rastogi-test and Bland-Altmann-Plots were used to compare the Borg ratings at each intensity level at the three altitudes; p < 0.05 was defined as significant. <p><b>Results: </b>In Bland-Altmann-Plots more than 95% of all Borg ratings were within the interval of 1.96 x standard deviation. There was no significant deviation of the ratings at moderate or high altitude. The correlation between RPE and workload or oxygen uptake was weak. <p><b>Conclusion: </b>The Borg Scale for perceived exertion gives valid results at moderate and high altitude – at least up to about 5,000 m. Therefore it may be used at altitude without any modification. The weak correlation of RPE and workload or oxygen uptake indicates that there should be other factors indicating strain to the body. What is really measured by Borg’s Scale should be investigated by a specific study.

scholarly journals Work tolerance: age and altitude

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Dill ◽  
S. Robinson ◽  
B. Balke ◽  
J. L. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Adaptation To Altitude

The work capacity at sea level and high altitude has been measured on nine men, five of whom had taken part in similar studies at high altitudes from 18 to 33 years earlier. Except for a few measurements on the treadmill at sea level each subject rode the bicycle ergometer; the brakeload was increased minute-by-minute until his limit was reached. The maximum capacity for oxygen intake declined with age both at high altitude and at sea level. Individual responses varied greatly: the most fit individual, age 54, had about as great an oxygen intake on the ergometer at Pb 455 mm Hg as had a man one-half his age at sea level. After 5 or 6 weeks of acclimatization a man of 71 attained at Pb 485 a greater oxygen intake per minute and per kilogram than that of a man of 27. At that barometric pressure the limiting oxygen intake on the bicycle ergometer may be only one-half of the sea-level value 2 or 3 days after arrival; after 4–6 weeks it may range from two-thirds to five-sixths of the sea-level value. adaptation to altitude; altitude and heart rate; altitude and maximum O2 intake; altitude and respiratory volume Submitted on November 4, 1963

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