The simulated response of dimethylsulfide production in the Arctic Ocean to global warming

Abstract Arctic amplification (AA) is a major characteristic of observed global warming, yet the different mechanisms responsible for it and their quantification are still under investigation. In this study, the roles of different factors contributing to local surface warming are quantified using the radiative kernel method applied at the surface after 100 years of global warming under a representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario simulated by 32 climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The warming factors and their seasonality for land and oceanic surfaces were investigated separately and for different domains within each surface type where mechanisms differ. Common factors contribute to both land and oceanic surface warming: tropospheric-mean atmospheric warming and greenhouse gas increases (mostly through water vapor feedback) for both tropical and Arctic regions, nonbarotropic warming and surface warming sensitivity effects (negative in the tropics, positive in the Arctic), and warming cloud feedback in the Arctic in winter. Some mechanisms differ between land and oceanic surfaces: sensible and latent heat flux in the tropics, albedo feedback peaking at different times of the year in the Arctic due to different mean latitudes, a very large summer energy uptake and winter release by the Arctic Ocean, and a large evaporation enhancement in winter over the Arctic Ocean, whereas the peak occurs in summer over the ice-free Arctic land. The oceanic anomalous energy uptake and release is further studied, suggesting the primary role of seasonal variation of oceanic mixed layer temperature changes.

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Redirecting autism research | E-waste campaign begins in the U.K. | Perchlorate is widespread in U.S. Southwest | Past PFOA sources in the Arctic Ocean | What Americans think about climate change | News Briefs: Wind energy’s footprint ` Superfund scrutiny ` A call for mitigation ` Jolt for U.S. energy plan ` Climate change ` Limiting energy use | Models underestimate global warming

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es072562p ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (13) ◽

pp. 4488-4494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naomi Lubick ◽

Maria Burke ◽

Rebecca Renner ◽

Erika Engelhaupt

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Arctic Ocean ◽

Energy Use ◽

The Arctic ◽

Autism Research ◽

The Arctic Ocean

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Tiny But Powerful: How Tiny Amounts of Certain Gases Can Make a Big Difference in the Earth’s Climate

Frontiers for Young Minds ◽

10.3389/frym.2021.516417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Campen ◽

Hermann W. Bange

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Global Warming ◽

Arctic Ocean ◽

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

The Other ◽

The Arctic ◽

The Arctic Ocean ◽

Extreme Cold ◽

Earth’S Climate

Comparable to carbon dioxide, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbon monoxide (CO) are tiny gases that have a great impact on our climate. Though occurring only in very small amounts in the atmosphere they are climate influencers, especially in the Arctic. The Arctic is a unique place on Earth where all life is adapted to the extreme cold. Therefore, global warming is a great threat to the Arctic. DMS and CO are produced in the Arctic Ocean and can go into the atmosphere. There, CO may enhance the warming of the Arctic. On the other hand, DMS possibly cools the atmosphere because it helps forming clouds. The processes CO and DMS are involved in, are complex and will probably alter under a changing climate. It is important to understand these processes to get an idea of the future Arctic Ocean and climate to find ways to save the Arctic.

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A Novel Freshwater to Marine Evolutionary Transition Revealed within Methylophilaceae Bacteria from the Arctic Ocean

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01306-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arthi Ramachandran ◽

Susan McLatchie ◽

David A. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Arctic Ocean ◽

The Arctic ◽

Evolutionary Transition ◽

Freshwater Input ◽

Ocean Stratification ◽

Marine Food Webs ◽

Ice Melt ◽

The Arctic Ocean ◽

Marine Food

Global warming is profoundly influencing the Arctic Ocean. Rapid ice melt and increased freshwater input is increasing ocean stratification, driving shifts in nutrient availability and the primary production that supports marine food webs.

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Impact of global warming on the conditions of the Siberian rivers discharge formation

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9410 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Vyazilova ◽

Alekseev Genrikh ◽

Kharlanenkova Natalya ◽

Glok Natalya

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Arctic Ocean ◽

Air Temperature ◽

The Arctic ◽

Wave Radiation ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

Low Latitudes ◽

The Arctic Ocean

The modern Arctic is becoming warmer and more humid, and the Arctic Ocean is increasingly free of ice in summer. One of the feedbacks of global warming in the arctic part of the climate system is an increase of downward long-wave radiation inflow to the surface of snow and ice due to an increase of the content of water vapor in the atmosphere of the Arctic. The source of the increase of the water vapor content in the arctic atmosphere is the atmospheric branch of the freshwater cycle, including moisture transport from low latitudes and inflow from the ocean surface. Moisture from low latitudes is transferred not only to the Arctic, but also to the adjacent continent of Eurasia, from where its excess is transferred by river flow to the Arctic Ocean. Strengthening of zonal transports of heat and moisture from oceanic regions to continents and meridional transports from low latitudes of the World Ocean to temperate and high latitudes is shown using the proposed indices of the zonal and meridional circulation. The indices were calculated according to the NCEP, ERA-Interim reanalysis data. It has been established that the increase in transports is manifested, in particular, in an increase of air temperature, in an increase of the total moisture content in the atmosphere over the area of Siberian rivers flow formation, in an increase of precipitation and, as a result, in an increase of the run-off of rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean. The connection between the indices and surface air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric moisture content in the regions of catchment areas of three main Siberian rivers, Ob, Lena and Yenisei, confirmed the influence of atmospheric transports in the cold part of the year. Assessment of the relationship between changes of climatic conditions in the catchment areas and interannual changes of river runoff parameters indicated that annual runoff increases and mostly is affected by increase of average annual precipitation. The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project 18-05-60107).

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