The breeding behaviour of some rye wheat chromosome substitutions

Although most flowering plants are polyploid, little is known of how the meiotic process evolves after polyploidisation to stabilise and preserve fertility. On wheat polyploidisation, the major meiotic gene ZIP4 on chromosome 3B duplicated onto 5B and diverged (TaZIP4-B2). TaZIP4-B2 was recently shown to promote homologous pairing, synapsis and crossover, and suppress homoeologous crossover. We therefore suspected that these meiotic stabilising effects could be important for preserving wheat fertility. A CRISPR Tazip4-B2 mutant was exploited to assess the contribution of the 5B duplicated ZIP4 copy in maintaining pollen viability and grain setting. Analysis demonstrated abnormalities in 56% of meiocytes in the Tazip4-B2 mutant, with micronuclei in 50% of tetrads, reduced size in 48% of pollen grains and a near 50% reduction in grain number. Further studies showed that most of the reduced grain number occurred when Tazip4-B2 mutant plants were pollinated with the less viable Tazip4-B2 mutant pollen rather than with wild type pollen, suggesting that the stabilising effect of TaZIP4-B2 on meiosis has a greater consequence in subsequent male, rather than female gametogenesis. These studies reveal the extraordinary value of the wheat chromosome 5B TaZIP4-B2 duplication to agriculture and human nutrition. Future studies should further investigate the role of TaZIP4-B2 on female fertility and assess whether different TaZIP4-B2 alleles exhibit variable effects on meiotic stabilisation and/or resistance to temperature change.

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Increased summer food supply decreases non-breeding movement in black-legged kittiwakes

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2019.0725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 20190725 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shannon Whelan ◽

Scott A. Hatch ◽

David B. Irons ◽

Alyson McKnight ◽

Kyle H. Elliott

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Food Supply ◽

Light Level ◽

Food Supplementation ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Rissa Tridactyla ◽

Breeding Behaviour ◽

Unlimited Supply ◽

Migration Phenology ◽

Carry Over

Individual condition at one stage of the annual cycle is expected to influence behaviour during subsequent stages, yet experimental evidence of food-mediated carry-over effects is scarce. We used a food supplementation experiment to test the effects of food supply during the breeding season on migration phenology and non-breeding behaviour. We provided an unlimited supply of fish to black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) during their breeding season on Middleton Island, Alaska, monitored reproductive phenology and breeding success, and used light-level geolocation to observe non-breeding behaviour. Among successful breeders, fed kittiwakes departed the colony earlier than unfed controls. Fed kittiwakes travelled less than controls during the breeding season, contracting their non-breeding range. Our results demonstrate that food supply during the breeding season affects non-breeding phenology, movement and distribution, providing a potential behavioural mechanism underlying observed survival costs of reproduction.

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Identification of a member of the catalase multigene family on wheat chromosome 7A associated with flour b* colour and biological significance of allelic variation

Molecular Genetics and Genomics ◽

10.1007/s00438-015-1083-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 290 (6) ◽

pp. 2313-2324 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dora A. Li ◽

Esther Walker ◽

Michael G. Francki

Keyword(s):

Multigene Family ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Wheat Chromosome

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Changes in the fatty acid unsaturation after hardening in wheat chromosome substitution lines with different cold tolerance

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1078/0176-1617-00145 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 158 (5) ◽

pp. 663-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gabriella Szalai ◽

Tibor Janda ◽

Emil Páldi ◽

Jean-Paul Dubacq

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Cold Tolerance ◽

Wheat Chromosome ◽

Chromosome Substitution ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽

Fatty Acid Unsaturation

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General features of chromosome substitutions in Triticum aestivum x T. timopheevii hybrids

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf00226218 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

E. D. Badaeva ◽

E. B. Budashkina ◽

N. S. Badaev ◽

N. P. Kalinina ◽

F. M. Shkutina

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Chromosome Substitutions

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Breeding behaviour of ectotherms at high latitudes: the case of the natterjack toad Epidalea calamita at its northern range limit

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/1568539x-bja10134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Linda Saare ◽

Riinu Rannap

Keyword(s):

Climatic Conditions ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Breeding Period ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Range Limit ◽

Photo Identification ◽

Breeding Behaviour ◽

Risk Of Predation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Northern Range Limit

Abstract We explored the breeding behaviour of a threatened amphibian, the natterjack toad, at its northern range limit in Estonia, to determine the extent to which reproduction is affected by harsh and unstable climatic conditions. Using photo identification of specimens, we found that in optimal weather conditions males formed three breeding cohorts, while in adverse conditions only a single cohort occurred and under extreme conditions reproduction was skipped entirely. During the extended breeding season, larger males participated in reproduction throughout the breeding period, while smaller males appeared in later cohorts. Breeding success was related to the calling effort of a male, where larger males had greater mating success than smaller ones. We found that the natterjack toad males exhibit significant plasticity in reproductive behaviour at the northern range limit, which, given the energetic cost of reproduction and the increased risk of predation, allows them to increase their fitness at high latitudes.

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Allelic analysis of stripe rust resistance genes on wheat chromosome 2BS

Genome ◽

10.1139/g08-079 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 922-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

P. G. Luo ◽

X. Y. Hu ◽

Z. L. Ren ◽

H. Y. Zhang ◽

K. Shu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Wheat Chromosome ◽

Stripe Rust Resistance ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Rust Resistance Genes ◽

Yr Genes

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiormis Westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Stripe rust resistance genes Yr27, Yr31, YrSp, YrV23, and YrCN19 on chromosome 2BS confer resistance to some or all Chinese P. striiormis f. sp. tritici races CYR31, CYR32, SY11-4, and SY11-14 in the greenhouse. To screen microsatellite (SSR) markers linked with YrCN19, F1, F2, and F3 populations derived from cross Ch377/CN19 were screened with race CYR32 and 35 SSR primer pairs. Linkage analysis indicated that the single dominant gene YrCN19 in cultivar CN19 was linked with SSR markers Xgwm410, Xgwm374, Xwmc477, and Xgwm382 on chromosome 2BS with genetic distances of 0.3, 7.9, 12.3, and 21.2 cM, respectively. Crosses of CN19 with wheat lines carrying other genes on chromosome 2B showed that all were located at different loci. YrCN19 is thus different from the other reported Yr genes in chromosomal location and resistance response and was therefore named Yr41. Prospects and strategies of using Yr41 and other Yr genes in wheat improvement for stripe rust resistance are discussed.

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