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2021 ◽  
pp. 39-80
Author(s):  
Tianheng Ren ◽  
◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Feiquan Tan ◽  
Cheng Jiang ◽  
...  

Stripe rust is one of the most serious wheat diseases of the world, usually resulting in massive loss of grain production. The most effective and environmentally friendly way to control the spread of stripe rust is to plant wheat varieties that carry stripe rust resistance genes. The identification and utilization of stripe rust resistance genes is very important for achieving this goal. This chapter summarizes the hazards of stripe rust and the current progress in the discovery of stripe rust resistance genes. It also introduces the advanced methods to identify Yr genes. The chapter also shows the successful application of Yr genes in wheat breeding program in southwestern China, which is the largest epidemic area of stripe rust in the world. The further identification and applications of Yr genes are also discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Galina V. VOLKOVA ◽  
Olga A. KUDINOVA ◽  
Irina P. MATVEEVA

Puccinia striiformis causes wheat yield losses in all countries where wheat is cultivated. Virulence and diversity of the P. striiformis were assessed in 2013–2018 in South Russia, and this showed that the North Caucasian population of the pathogen was diverse. One hundred and eighty two virulence phenotypes were identified in 186 P. striiformis isolates. Among isolates collected in 2014, 2015, and 2018, all phenotypes were unique. In the 2013 and 2017 populations, phenotypes with few (one to eight) virulence alleles prevailed. In the 2014, 2015, and 2018 populations, most of the phenotypes contained greater numbers (nine to 19) of virulence alleles. Over the 5 years of research, the pathogen population lacked isolates virulent to the host Yr resistance genes 3, 5, 26, and Sp. Single (from 1 to 5%) occurrences of isolates virulent to host lines with Yr genes 3a, 17, 24, 3b + 4a + H46, and 3c + Min were identified. Differences in frequencies of virulence alleles between years in the P. striiformis populations (Ney indices, N) were generally non-significant (N = 0.11 to 0.23), with the exception of the populations in 2013 and 2017 (N = 0.37). The minimum N values was found for the populations of 2015 and 2018 (N = 0.10). Over the five years of this study, the dynamics of the virulence of the population and jumps in the frequency of isolates with respect to many Yr genes were identified. This feature of the P. striiformis populations in South Russia, combined with high phenotypic diversity, indicates the ability for rapid race formation and morphogenesis in response to changes in biotic and abiotic factors.


Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1751-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Xiaoting Wang ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Rui Yu ◽  
Shizhou Yu ◽  
...  

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat worldwide. The expanding Yr26-virulent Pst race (V26) group overcomes almost all currently deployed resistance genes in China and has continued to accumulate new virulence. Investigating the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance in common wheat is an important basis for a successful utilization of resistance in breeding programs. A panel of 410 exotic wheat germplasms was used for characterizing new stripe rust resistance loci. This panel was genotyped using high-density wheat 660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and phenotypic evaluation of seedlings for stripe rust resistance was performed using multiple Pst races. Thirty-five loci conferring resistance were identified through genome-wide association mapping, and explained phenotypic variances ranged from 53 to 75%. Of these, 14 were colocated in the proximity of the known loci, including cataloged Yr genes Yr9, Yr10, Yr26, Yr33, Yr47, Yr56, Yr57, Yr64, Yr67, Yr72, and Yr81 and three temporarily designated as YrCen, YrNP63, and YrRC detected in our quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies. Seven of them (Yr9, Yr10, Yr24/26, Yr81, YrCEN, YrNP63, and YrRC) were confirmed by molecular detection or genetic analysis. New loci that were identified to be different from reported Yr genes need further confirmation. Nine QTL with significantly large phenotypic effect on resistance to all tested races were considered as major loci for effective resistance. The identified loci enrich our stripe rust resistance gene pool, and the linked SNPs should be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.


Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1763-1770
Author(s):  
Liang Huang ◽  
Xing Zhi Xiao ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Guo Shu Gong ◽  
...  

Wheat stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious fungal disease worldwide, especially in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, a main wheat production area in China. Gene postulation, molecular testing, and pedigree analysis were conducted to determine the presence of stripe rust resistance genes to 15 Pst races in 66 selected commercial wheat cultivars released from 2000 to 2016. In addition, races CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34 were used to evaluate resistance to Pst at the adult-plant stage of wheat in the field. Four Yr genes (Yr9, Yr10, Yr26, and Yr32) were postulated in 24 wheat cultivars either singly or in combination. Thirty-six cultivars might contain unknown Yr genes, whereas no identified Yr gene was postulated in six cultivars. Yr9 was detected at a frequency of 28.8%, and no cultivars carried Yr5, Yr15, or Yr18. Ten cultivars (15.2%) exhibited adult-plant resistance in the field tests with three predominant races. Three cultivars (Langyan 43, Xinong 889, and Yunfeng 139) had all-stage resistance. These results are useful to growers selecting cultivars and to breeders aiming to use more resistance genes to develop new cultivars with effective resistance in order to reduce stripe rust damage.


2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206
Author(s):  
Pooja ◽  
SS Dhanda ◽  
NR Yadav

Investigation was conducted to evaluate 210 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of bread wheat to identify Yr genes using SSR markers and response to stripe rust reaction. Recombinant inbred lines were screened under epiphytotic conditions and data in terms of per cent leaf area infected were recorded using Modified Cobb’s Scale. A total of seven Yr genes, namely Yr7, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr47 and Yr53 were found to be linked to yellow rust resistance. Out of 40 Yr specific SSR markers, seven (Xgwm130 (Yr7), Xbarc 352 (Yr18), Xgwm 11 (Yr26), Xwmc 44 (Yr29), Xwmc 149 (Yr53), WKS1_I (Yr36) and Xcfb309 (Yr47) were found to be polymorphic in parental genotypes and RIL population indicating the presence or absence of Yr genes. Three RILs namely, 51, 52, 55 had largest number of resistant genes (4Yr genes) followed by six lines namely, RIL No. 20, 21, 23, 29, 39, 53 had 3Yr genes having disease score (0S). These RILs may be utilized for incorporation of specific Yr genes in well adapted genotypes for improvement of disease resistance in bread wheat.


Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebreslasie Zeray Siyoum ◽  
Qingdong Zeng ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Xianming Chen ◽  
Ayele Badebo ◽  
...  

The authors of Siyoum et al. 103:2451-2459 (2019) retracted this article because it proved to contain errors in statistical analyses of the data and subsequent data interpretations. This article was retracted on 14 November 2019. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating wheat diseases in Ethiopia. To study virulence genetics of the pathogen, 117 progeny isolates were produced through sexual reproduction of an Ethiopian isolate of the stripe rust pathogen on Berberis holstii plants under controlled conditions. The parental and progeny isolates were characterized by phenotyping on wheat lines carrying single Yr genes for resistance and genotyped using 10 polymorphic simple sequence repeated (SSR) markers. The progeny isolates were classified into 37 virulence phenotypes and 75 multilocus genotypes. The parental isolate and progeny isolates were all avirulent to resistance genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr32, YrTr1, YrSP, and Yr76 but virulent to Yr1 and Yr2, indicating that the parental isolate was homozygous avirulent or homozygous virulent at these loci. The progeny isolates segregated for virulence to 12 Yr genes. Virulence phenotypes to Yr6, Yr28, Yr43, and Yr44 were controlled by a single dominant gene; those to Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr25, Yr31, and YrExp2 were each controlled by two dominant genes; and the virulence phenotype to Yr8 was controlled by two complementary dominant genes. A linkage map was constructed with seven SSR markers, and 16 virulence loci corresponding to 11 Yr resistance genes were mapped with some loci linked to each other. These results are useful in understanding host–pathogen interactions and selecting resistance genes to develop wheat cultivars with highly effective resistance to stripe rust.


Author(s):  
Aqsa Waqar ◽  
Sahir Hameed Khattak ◽  
Sania Begum ◽  
Tayyaba Rehman ◽  
Rabia Rabia ◽  
...  

Euphytica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigang Zheng ◽  
Yunfang Li ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Zehou Liu ◽  
Chihong Zhang ◽  
...  

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 922-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Luo ◽  
X. Y. Hu ◽  
Z. L. Ren ◽  
H. Y. Zhang ◽  
K. Shu ◽  
...  

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiormis Westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Stripe rust resistance genes Yr27, Yr31, YrSp, YrV23, and YrCN19 on chromosome 2BS confer resistance to some or all Chinese P. striiormis f. sp. tritici races CYR31, CYR32, SY11-4, and SY11-14 in the greenhouse. To screen microsatellite (SSR) markers linked with YrCN19, F1, F2, and F3 populations derived from cross Ch377/CN19 were screened with race CYR32 and 35 SSR primer pairs. Linkage analysis indicated that the single dominant gene YrCN19 in cultivar CN19 was linked with SSR markers Xgwm410, Xgwm374, Xwmc477, and Xgwm382 on chromosome 2BS with genetic distances of 0.3, 7.9, 12.3, and 21.2 cM, respectively. Crosses of CN19 with wheat lines carrying other genes on chromosome 2B showed that all were located at different loci. YrCN19 is thus different from the other reported Yr genes in chromosomal location and resistance response and was therefore named Yr41. Prospects and strategies of using Yr41 and other Yr genes in wheat improvement for stripe rust resistance are discussed.


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