Survival and growth responses of eight Everglades tree species along an experimental hydrological gradient on two tree island types

The dependence of tree seedling survival and growth on light availability was evaluated over 15 mo in three second-growth, wet forest stands (15–18 y old) in north-eastern Costa Rica. Seedlings of four canopy tree species (Dipteryx panamensis, Hyeronima alchorneoides, Virola koschnyi and Vochysia guatemalensis) were planted into four canopy treatments in three replicated stands and in a pasture site, spanning a nearly complete gradient of light availability. Survival and growth of all species increased in response to increasing light availability, but species differed in survival in shaded microsites (6–20% light transmittance) and in growth increments per light increase. Hyeronima showed the highest mortality at low light levels and the highest relative height growth increase per light increase. In contrast, Virola showed high survival at low and moderate light, but showed the lowest leaf area and above-ground biomass per light increase among all species. Dipteryx and Vochysia maintained relatively high rates of survival and growth across the entire light gradient. Hyeronima and Virola showed trade-offs between growth and survival responses to light, unlike Dipteryx and Vochysia. Differences among species in seedling survival at low light may be determined by a variety of physiological and morphological traits that may or may not be mechanistically linked to growth responses.

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Use of Plastic Shelters for Low-Cost Establishment of Street Trees

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/20.2.85 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. H. Jones ◽

A. H. Chappelka ◽

D. H. West

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Low Cost ◽

Height Growth ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Industrial Park ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Urban Settings ◽

Planting Methods ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

One Year

Abstract One-year-old seedlings of 11 commonly used urban shade tree species were protected with plastic shelters to determine effects on survival and growth. Additional seedlings were planted in the cities of Auburn and Opelika, Alabama, to determine seedling performance in actual urban settings and to estimate incidence of vandalism in five urban settings. Shelters increased survival in four species and height growth in seven. Diameter growth responses were mixed. During the first 13 months after planting, only 3% of the seedlings in the cities were damaged by people. However, 20% of the shelters were vandalized at least once. Vandalism rates for shelters were greatest (37-44%) in neighborhoods of privately and publicly owned homes; intermediate (20%) in recreational parks, and lowest (4-6%) in undeveloped or industrial park areas. Installation of each tree with its shelter cost $2.78 (excluding labor) and required 20-25 minutes of labor. Tree shelters show promise as a low-cost alternative to more expensive planting methods, especially in undeveloped portions of cities. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2):85-89.

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Survival and Growth Responses of a Number of Australian Tree Species Planted on a Saline Site in Tropical North Australia

Journal of Applied Ecology ◽

10.2307/2404821 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 817 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Dan Sun ◽

Geoff R. Dickinson

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Survival And Growth

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Growth responses of seven major co-occurring tree species of the northeastern United States to elevated CO2

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x90-195 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1479-1484 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

F. A. Bazzaz ◽

J. S. Coleman ◽

S. R. Morse

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Growth Enhancement ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Red Maple ◽

Growth Responses ◽

White Pine ◽

American Beech ◽

Harvard Forest ◽

Paper Birch

We examined how elevated CO2 affected the growth of seven co-occurring tree species: American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.), white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), and eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr). We also tested whether the degree of shade tolerance of species and the age of seedlings affected plant responses to enhanced CO2 levels. Seedlings that were at least 1 year old, for all species except beech, were removed while dormant from Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts. Seeds of red maple and paper birch were obtained from parent trees at Harvard Forest, and seeds of American beech were obtained from a population of beeches in Nova Scotia. Seedlings and transplants were grown in one of four plant growth chambers for 60 d (beech, paper birch, red maple, black cherry) or 100 d (white pine, hemlock, sugar maple) under CO2 levels of 400 or 700 μL•L−1. Plants were then harvested for biomass and growth determinations. The results showed that the biomass of beech, paper birch, black cherry, sugar maple, and hemlock significantly increased in elevated CO2, but the biomass of red maple and white pine only marginally increased in these conditions. Furthermore, there were large differences in the magnitude of growth enhancement by increased levels of CO2 between species, so it seems reasonable to predict that one consequence of rising levels of CO2 may be to increase the competitive ability of some species relative to others. Additionally, the three species exhibiting the largest increase in growth with increased CO2 concentrations were the shade-tolerant species (i.e., beech, sugar maple, and hemlock). Thus, elevated CO2 levels may enhance the growth of relatively shade-tolerant forest trees to a greater extent than growth of shade-intolerant trees, at least under the light and nutrient conditions of this experiment. We found no evidence to suggest that the age of tree seedlings greatly affected their response to elevated CO2 concentrations.

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Survival and Growth Responses of Juvenile Salmonines Stocked in Eastern Lake Ontario Tributaries

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society ◽

10.1577/t06-127.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 136 (1) ◽

pp. 56-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Stephen M. Coghlan ◽

Michael J. Connerton ◽

Neil H. Ringler ◽

Donald J. Stewart ◽

Jerry V. Mead

Keyword(s):

Lake Ontario ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Survival And Growth

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Tropical Forest Restoration in the Eastern Himalaya: Evaluating Early Survival and Growth of Native Tree Species

Ecological Restoration ◽

10.3368/er.39.3.194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 52-63

Author(s):

Noopur Borawake ◽

Aparajita Datta ◽

Rohit Naniwadekar

Keyword(s):

Tropical Forest ◽

Tree Species ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Eastern Himalaya ◽

Native Tree ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Native Tree Species ◽

Early Survival ◽

Tropical Forest Restoration

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Survival and Growth of Seedlings of Three Sclerophyll Species at High Levels of Phosphorus and Nitrogen

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9760681 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 681 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

RH Groves ◽

K Keraitis

Keyword(s):

Sand Culture ◽

Growth Responses ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Rooting Zone ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

High Phosphorus ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Four Levels ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

Seedlings of Banksia serrata, Acacia suaveolens and Eucalyptus pilularis were grown in sand culture for 3-4 months at four levels of phosphorus (0, 5, 50, and 100 ppm) and three of nitrogen (0, 25 and 250 ppm) applied gradually in all combinations. B.serrata died at high phosphorus-high nitrogen levels, A.suaveolens died with high phosphorus irrespective of the nitrogen level, and E. pilularis did not survive high phosphorus or high nitrogen levels. There were differences between species in their growth responses to increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. Dry weights of seedlings were greatest at P5N25 for B.serrata, at P5N250 for A.suaveolens, and at P5N250 for E.pilularis. Shoot phosphorus concentrations greater than 1% were directly associated with 'toxicity' and death of A.suaveolens seedlings only, and not of the other two species. The species differ in the weights and nutrient contents of their seeds, and this is discussed in relation to the different responses obtained. Growth of sclerophyll species on areas subject to disturbance (e.g. sand-mining) will be determined in large part by the levels of phosphorus and nitrogen applied and the rate at which nutrients are leached from the rooting zone.

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Effects of simulated acid rain on the growth of five Brazilian tree species and anatomy of the most sensitive species (Joannesia princeps)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt04096 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 789 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Luzimar Campos da Silva ◽

Aristéa Alves Azevedo ◽

Eldo Antônio Monteiro da Silva ◽

Marco Antonio Oliva

Keyword(s):

Acid Rain ◽

Tree Species ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Woody Species ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Foliar Injury ◽

Sensitive Species ◽

Abaxial Epidermis

Seedlings and young saplings of some woody species were exposed to simulated low-pH acid rain, in order to develop a response screening for tropical tree species by determination of the symptoms of foliar injury and growth responses, as well as to identify anatomical alterations in the leaf blade of the most sensitive species. Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms, Genipa americana L., Joannesia princeps Vell., Mimosa artemisiana Heringer & Paula and Spondias dulcis Forst.f. were exposed daily to 20 min of acid rain, pH 3.0, for 10 consecutive days. The degree of leaf damage and the anatomical alterations observed were efficient parameters to determine the sensitivity to acid rain. At the end of the experiment J. princeps was the most sensitive species as determined by foliar injury and seedling growth. The degree of leaf damage was similar among the seedlings, except in S. dulcis, which showed reduced percentage of foliar injury. Necrotic and chlorotic spots on the leaf blade occurred. In the most sensitive species, J. princeps, necrotic blade tissues showed accumulation of phenolic compounds, hypertrophy and collapsed cells. Most of the structural alterations were observed in the adaxial epidermis, the palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma and the abaxial epidermis. Long-term experiments with seedlings of S. dulcis and saplings of G. integrifolia are suggested, to characterise the response of these species that presented fewer symptoms but whose growth was affected under acid rain.

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