BINDING OF ENTEROTOXIN FROM CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPE A TO LIVER CELLS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO.

Vegetative cells of three strains of Clostridium perfringens type A, free of erythemal activity, were suspended in fresh medium and injected into ligated intestinal loops of lambs. Examination of the loop contents after 6.5 h showed significant accumulation of fluid, multiplication and sporulation of C. perfringens, and erythemal activity in both the supernatant fluids and the sediments.The erythemal factor produced in vivo was identical with the erythemal factor of sporulated cells of C. perfringens grown in vitro, and again caused accumulation of fluid when transferred into ligated intestinal loops of recipient lambs. Immune rabbit serum prepared against extracts from sporulated cells of C. perfringens, and absorbed with extracts from vegetative cells of the same strain, completely neutralized the enterotoxic and erythemal activities of the in vivo-produced factor.It is concluded that the erythemal factor is the causative agent in C. perfringens type A enteritis. The term "Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin" is proposed to characterize the erythemal factor.

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Effect of acute exposure to PFOA on mouse liver cells in vivo and in vitro

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-017-0072-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (31) ◽

pp. 24201-24206 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Xinmou Wu ◽

Minqing Liang ◽

Zhao Yang ◽

Min Su ◽

Bin Yang

Keyword(s):

Mouse Liver ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Acute Exposure

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Evidence for Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE) Inducing a Mitogenic and Cytokine Response In Vitro and a Cytokine Response In Vivo

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s002849900410 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 96-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

F. Morgan Wallace ◽

Annette S. Mach ◽

Andreas M. Keller ◽

James A. Lindsay

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Cytokine Response ◽

Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin

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Characterization of the interaction both in vitro and in vivo of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) with rat liver cells. Effects of monoclonal antibodies to t-PA

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2840545 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 284 (2) ◽

pp. 545-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M Otter ◽

J Kuiper ◽

R Bos ◽

D C Rijken ◽

T J van Berkel

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Mannose Receptor ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator ◽

Type Plasminogen Activator ◽

Liver Endothelial Cells ◽

Parenchymal Cells

The interaction of 125I-labelled tissue-type plasminogen activator (125I-t-PA) with freshly isolated rat parenchymal and endothelial liver cells was studied. Binding experiments at 4 degrees C with parenchymal cells and endothelial liver cells indicated the presence of 68,000 and 44,000 high-affinity t-PA-binding sites, with an apparent Kd of 3.5 and 4 nM respectively. Association of 125I-t-PA with parenchymal cells was Ca(2+)-dependent and was not influenced by asialofetuin, a known ligand for the galactose receptor. Association of 125I-t-PA with liver endothelial cells was Ca(2+)-dependent and mannose-specific, since ovalbumin (a mannose-terminated glycoprotein) inhibited the cell association of t-PA. Association of 125I-t-PA with liver endothelial cells was inhibited by anti-(human mannose receptor) antiserum. Anti-(galactose receptor) IgG had no effect on 125I-t-PA association with either cell type. Degradation of 125I-t-PA at 37 degrees C by both cell types was inhibited by chloroquine or NH4Cl, indicating that t-PA is degraded lysosomally. in vitro experiments with three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) demonstrated that anti-t-PA MAb 1-3-1 specifically decreased association of 125I-t-PA with the endothelial cells, and anti-t-PA Mab 7-8-4 inhibited association with the parenchymal cells. Results of competition experiments in rats in vivo with these antibodies were in agreement with findings in vitro. Both antibodies decreased the liver uptake of 125I-t-PA, while a combination of the two antibodies was even more effective in reducing the liver association of 125I-t-PA and increasing its plasma half-life. We conclude from these data that clearance of t-PA by the liver is regulated by at least two pathways, one on parenchymal cells (not galactose/mannose-mediated) and another on liver endothelial cells (mediated by a mannose receptor). Results with the MAbs imply that two distinct sites on the t-PA molecule are involved in binding to parenchymal cells and liver endothelial cells.

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Correlations Between Primary Effects of Xenobiotics on Liver Cells in Vitro and Their Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity in Vivo

Short-Term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-67202-6_12 ◽

1980 ◽

pp. 179-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Rickart ◽

K. E. Appel ◽

M. Schwarz ◽

G. Stöckle ◽

W. Kunz

Keyword(s):

Liver Cells

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Polystyrene nanoplastics accumulate in ZFL cell lysosomes and in zebrafish larvae after acute exposure, inducing a synergistic immune response in vitro without affecting larval survival in vivo

Environmental Science Nano ◽

10.1039/d0en00553c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 2410-2422

Author(s):

Irene Brandts ◽

Marlid Garcia-Ordoñez ◽

Lluis Tort ◽

Mariana Teles ◽

Nerea Roher

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Acute Exposure ◽

Zebrafish Larvae ◽

Lethal Infection ◽

Zebrafish Liver ◽

Immune Response In Vitro

Polystyrene nanoplastics are internalized in zebrafish liver cells, accumulating in lysosomes, and in zebrafish larvae but do not affect the larval suvival to a lethal infection.

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A Novel Panel of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Diverse Applications Including Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Oligomerization

Antibodies ◽

10.3390/antib7040037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jennifer Linden ◽

Kiel Telesford ◽

Samantha Shetty ◽

Paige Winokour ◽

Sylvia Haigh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Cell Death ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Western Blot ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Epsilon Toxin ◽

Blocking Antibodies

The pore-forming epsilon toxin (ETX) produced by Clostridium perfringens is among the most lethal bacterial toxins known. Sensitive antibody-based reagents are needed to detect toxin, distinguish mechanisms of cell death, and prevent ETX toxicity. Using B-cell immuno-panning and cloning techniques, seven ETX-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated from immunized rabbits. ETX specificity and sensitivity were evaluated via western blot, ELISA, immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry. ETX-neutralizing function was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. All antibodies recognized both purified ETX and epsilon protoxin via western blot with two capable of detecting the ETX-oligomer complex. Four antibodies detected ETX via ELISA and three detected ETX bound to cells via ICC or flow cytometry. Several antibodies prevented ETX-induced cell death by either preventing ETX binding or by blocking ETX oligomerization. Antibodies that blocked ETX oligomerization inhibited ETX endocytosis and cellular vacuolation. Importantly, one of the oligomerization-blocking antibodies was able to protect against ETX-induced death post-ETX exposure in vitro and in vivo. Here we describe the production of a panel of rabbit monoclonal anti-ETX antibodies and their use in various biological assays. Antibodies possessing differential specificity to ETX in particular conformations will aid in the mechanistic studies of ETX cytotoxicity, while those with ETX-neutralizing function may be useful in preventing ETX-mediated mortality.

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