Regional Trade Patterns: The Impact of Voluntary Food Safety Standards

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie Woods ◽  
Suzanne Thornsbury ◽  
Kellie Curry Raper ◽  
Richard N. Weldon
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of NTMs on Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Masoud Ali Khalid ◽  
Narmen Ghafor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact

Non-tariff measures such as food safety and technical standards are used to achieve the non-trade objective of protecting consumers’ health and safety. On the other hand, they can also be deployed as a trade secure tool to drive a price wedge between foreign and domestic producers. This study investigates the protectionist tools of 34 developing countries food safety standards using a sample of developing countries food imported from developed and other developing countries with a specific focus on vegetables, Trunks, machinery, and tobacco. We employ theoretical framework of gravity equation by applying SGMM estimation. Our results indicate that vegetable and machinery variables are negative and statistically significant. Meaning that both variables have a negative impact on GDP, in other words, both variables are not support GDP and economic growth in the developing countries. Finally, Trunk variable is positive and statistically significant. It shows that, this variable leads to promote economic growth in the developing countries. While Tobacco is positive and statistically insignificant, meaning that this product is not play an important role in the trade sector in our sample countries.

scholarly journals The impact of food safety standards on the export of Chinese vegetable products —— A study based on the Belt and Road cooperation framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Zhuiqiao JIN ◽  
Qi ZHENG ◽  
Yue QIN ◽  
Yunyi LIU
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Chinese Vegetable

Agricultural products' tradeexpands between China and the countries along the Belt and Road while the cooperation is developing rapidly. Meanwhile, the countries' food safety standards along the Belt and Road are becoming more stringent for China's vegetable products. As one of the leading products exported by China's agricultural products, this article presents a quantitative study on whether food safety standards impact Chinese vegetable products' export. The quantitative model in the article takes food safety standards, the output volume of vegetable products in the exporting country, the economic size of the importing country, the geographical distance between the importing and exporting countries, the tariff level of the importing country, and the membership of the FTA as the independent variables, and the export scale of Chinese vegetable products to the countries along the Belt and Road as the dependent variable. The article investigates the impact of food safety standards in countries along the Belt and Road on Chinese vegetables' exports by applying the extended gravity model to 2017. In the empirical analysis, after combining the F-test, LM-test, and Hausmann test, the article chooses to use the fixed-effects model to regress the data. The empirical results show that the improvement of food safety standards set by countries along the Belt and Road in 2006-2017 does not significantly impact the export of Chinese vegetable products, and the relevant food safety standards set by China for vegetable products are relatively high. The importing country's economic size, the importing country's tariff level, and the FTA membership are the significant factors influencing China's export of vegetable products. Finally, based on the findings, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

scholarly journals Aztec and Tlaxcalan Economic Interaction: Blockade or Interregional Exchange?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Bianca L. Gentil ◽  
A. Gabriel Vicencio Castellanos ◽  
Kenneth G. Hirth
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Postclassic Period ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Lithic Tools ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Late Postclassic ◽  
Large Center ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the Aztec Triple Alliance on trade and economic activity in the region of Puebla-Tlaxcala during the Late Postclassic period (AD 1200–1519). Ethnohistorical sources describe the Aztec Triple Alliance as constantly at war with settlements in the Tlaxcala region. To weaken their Tlaxcalteca rivals, the Aztecs imposed a trade blockade to reduce the flow of resources into Puebla-Tlaxcala. This article uses archaeological evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of this blockade. It compares the types of obsidian used to manufacture lithic tools from Aztec-controlled sources with those used within Puebla-Tlaxcala. Information from the large center of Tepeticpac and the small obsidian workshop site of Cinco Santos II, both in the Tlaxcala domain, are compared to other sites in Central Mexico prior to and during the height of Aztec influence. The results show little difference in regional trade patterns: obsidian from Sierra de las Navajas and Otumba was used in proportions in the Tlaxcala region in the Late Postclassic similar to those used during earlier periods. If an embargo was attempted, it was largely unsuccessful in isolating Tlaxcala from broader regional distribution networks.

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