scholarly journals A State‐Level Analysis of the Impact of a U.S.‐EU Harmonization of Food Safety Standards on U.S. Exports of Fruits and Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Karemera ◽  
Bo Xiong ◽  
Louis Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
State Level ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Analysis

Food Safety Standards, Trade & WTO

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushdeep Dharni ◽  
Sonika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Food Safety Standards

With incidence of food-borne diseases, consumers have become more conscious of food safety. Share of high value food items in the export bounty from developing countries like India is on the rise. These high value food items such as fresh & processed fruits and vegetables, marine products, meat and its preparations are highly income elastic as well as sensitive from the viewpoint of food safety. Article 20 of GATT allows governments to act on trade in order to protect human, animal or plant life or health, provided they do not discriminate or use this as disguised protectionism. SPS Agreement sets out the basic rules concerning food safety and animal & plant health standards. It allows countries to set their own standards but also says that regulations must be based on science. With increased retail concentration ratio, large retailers in the developed countries are enforcing their own food safety standards and these standards are stringent as compared to standards of standard setting bodies of WTO. At times these standards are used for discrimination in international trade and are telling upon the exports from developing countries in terms of additional costs of compliance and lack of “harmonization” and difficulties in establishing “equivalence”. For the benefit of exporters from the developing countries and consumers of the developed countries, efforts must be made for encouraging harmonization in these private standards and reducing the resulting discrimination.

scholarly journals The Impact of NTMs on Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Masoud Ali Khalid ◽  
Narmen Ghafor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact

Non-tariff measures such as food safety and technical standards are used to achieve the non-trade objective of protecting consumers’ health and safety. On the other hand, they can also be deployed as a trade secure tool to drive a price wedge between foreign and domestic producers. This study investigates the protectionist tools of 34 developing countries food safety standards using a sample of developing countries food imported from developed and other developing countries with a specific focus on vegetables, Trunks, machinery, and tobacco. We employ theoretical framework of gravity equation by applying SGMM estimation. Our results indicate that vegetable and machinery variables are negative and statistically significant. Meaning that both variables have a negative impact on GDP, in other words, both variables are not support GDP and economic growth in the developing countries. Finally, Trunk variable is positive and statistically significant. It shows that, this variable leads to promote economic growth in the developing countries. While Tobacco is positive and statistically insignificant, meaning that this product is not play an important role in the trade sector in our sample countries.

Regional Trade Patterns: The Impact of Voluntary Food Safety Standards

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie Woods ◽  
Suzanne Thornsbury ◽  
Kellie Curry Raper ◽  
Richard N. Weldon
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact

An empirical analysis of the impact of EU’s new food safety standards on china’s tea export

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yue ◽  
Hua Kuang ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Linhai Wu ◽  
Chuanlai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of food safety standards on the export of Chinese vegetable products —— A study based on the Belt and Road cooperation framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Zhuiqiao JIN ◽  
Qi ZHENG ◽  
Yue QIN ◽  
Yunyi LIU
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Chinese Vegetable

Agricultural products' tradeexpands between China and the countries along the Belt and Road while the cooperation is developing rapidly. Meanwhile, the countries' food safety standards along the Belt and Road are becoming more stringent for China's vegetable products. As one of the leading products exported by China's agricultural products, this article presents a quantitative study on whether food safety standards impact Chinese vegetable products' export. The quantitative model in the article takes food safety standards, the output volume of vegetable products in the exporting country, the economic size of the importing country, the geographical distance between the importing and exporting countries, the tariff level of the importing country, and the membership of the FTA as the independent variables, and the export scale of Chinese vegetable products to the countries along the Belt and Road as the dependent variable. The article investigates the impact of food safety standards in countries along the Belt and Road on Chinese vegetables' exports by applying the extended gravity model to 2017. In the empirical analysis, after combining the F-test, LM-test, and Hausmann test, the article chooses to use the fixed-effects model to regress the data. The empirical results show that the improvement of food safety standards set by countries along the Belt and Road in 2006-2017 does not significantly impact the export of Chinese vegetable products, and the relevant food safety standards set by China for vegetable products are relatively high. The importing country's economic size, the importing country's tariff level, and the FTA membership are the significant factors influencing China's export of vegetable products. Finally, based on the findings, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

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