CHINESE VEGETABLE GARDEN FARMERS RESPONSE ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION OF VEGETABLE COMMODITIES IN PANTAI CERMIN DISTRICT SERDANG BEDAGAI, NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

The Indonesian consists of various ethnic and cultural groups both native, one of them is Chinese. Most of their professions are traders. In the area of Pantai Cermin District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province, there are still many Chinese etnics who live and work as farmers. They are called Chinese Vegetable farmers. The purpose of research was to determine percentage of response Chinese Vegetable farmers in agricultural extension and to determine the factors influencing the response of Chinese Vegetable farmers in extension of vegetable agricultural commodities in Pantai Cermin District, Regency Serdang Bedagai. This research method is quantitative descriptive analysis, with variables: knowledge, experience, learning needs, cultural values, innovation attributes, communication channels, and socio-cultural environment. Based on the response rate of Chinese farmers for level of production and income is high category. Where the value of farmers 'responses to production levels is 69.52%, while the value of the components of farmers' responses to income levels is 71.54%. Overall the response rate of Chinese farmers is high, which is 70.53%. The significant factor influences the response of Chinese farmers in the expansion of vegetable gardens on the vegetable commodity farm at Pantai Cermin is the variable of cultural value.

The impact of food safety standards on the export of Chinese vegetable products —— A study based on the Belt and Road cooperation framework

Agricultural products' tradeexpands between China and the countries along the Belt and Road while the cooperation is developing rapidly. Meanwhile, the countries' food safety standards along the Belt and Road are becoming more stringent for China's vegetable products. As one of the leading products exported by China's agricultural products, this article presents a quantitative study on whether food safety standards impact Chinese vegetable products' export. The quantitative model in the article takes food safety standards, the output volume of vegetable products in the exporting country, the economic size of the importing country, the geographical distance between the importing and exporting countries, the tariff level of the importing country, and the membership of the FTA as the independent variables, and the export scale of Chinese vegetable products to the countries along the Belt and Road as the dependent variable. The article investigates the impact of food safety standards in countries along the Belt and Road on Chinese vegetables' exports by applying the extended gravity model to 2017. In the empirical analysis, after combining the F-test, LM-test, and Hausmann test, the article chooses to use the fixed-effects model to regress the data. The empirical results show that the improvement of food safety standards set by countries along the Belt and Road in 2006-2017 does not significantly impact the export of Chinese vegetable products, and the relevant food safety standards set by China for vegetable products are relatively high. The importing country's economic size, the importing country's tariff level, and the FTA membership are the significant factors influencing China's export of vegetable products. Finally, based on the findings, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Does Chinese Vegetable Oil Consumption Have Positive Implications for the Indonesia-China Trade Balance?

Indonesia is the world's CPO producer country, and at the same time, Indonesia also the largest exporter of CPO in global market. Some of the main countries that are becoming export destinations for Indonesia CPO are India, China, the European Union, USA and Pakistan. Empirically, it is seen that the phenomenon of widening gap in Chinese vegetable oil consumption patterns, where consumption growth is higher than domestic production growth. This boosted Indonesia's CPO exports to China and subsequently had an impact on the Indonesia-China trade balance. Analytical method used is ordinary least square (OLS), which is arranged in two-equation models. Findings of this study conclude that (a) Indonesia's CPO exports to China are affected by the increase in consumption of vegetable oils in China. This is consistent with the expected hypothesis; (b) the value of Indonesia's CPO exports to China has a positive impact and helps reduce Indonesia's trade balance deficit. This is consistent with the research hypothesis. Indonesia's CPO exports have a positive impact on the Indonesia-China trade balance, in particular contributing to overcome the Indonesia-China trade balance deficit. This research shows that CPO is Indonesia's strategic commodity that helps overcome Indonesia's trade balance deficit.