REVERSE OSMOSIS CONCENTRATION of APPLE JUICE: FLUX and FLAVOR RETENTION BY CELLULOSE ACETATE and POLYAMIDE MEMBRANES

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUNTER T. CHUA ◽  
M.A. RAO ◽  
T.E. ACREE ◽  
D.G. CUNNINGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Flavor Retention ◽  
Polyamide Membranes

Reverse Osmosis and Flavor Retention in Apple Juice Concentration

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANG CHOU ◽  
ROBERT C. WILEY ◽  
DONALD V. SCHLIMME
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Flavor Retention

Removing Trace Organics by Reverse Osmosis Using Cellulose Acetate and Polyamide Membranes

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reinhard ◽  
Naomi L. Goodman ◽  
Perry L. McCarty ◽  
David G. Argo
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Trace Organics ◽  
Polyamide Membranes

Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membrane Structure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
H. K. Plummer ◽  
E. Eichen ◽  
C. D. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Scanning Electron

Much of the work reported in the literature on cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes has raised new and important questions with regard to the dense or “active” layer of these membranes. Several thickness values and structures have been attributed to the dense layer. To ensure the correct interpretation of the cellulose acetate structure thirteen different preparative techniques have been used in this investigation. These thirteen methods included various combinations of water substitution, freeze drying, freeze sectioning, fracturing, embedding, and microtomy techniques with both transmission and scanning electron microscope observations.It was observed that several factors can cause a distortion of the structure during sample preparation. The most obvious problem of water removal can cause swelling, shrinking, and folds. Improper removal of embedding materials, when used, can cause a loss of electron image contrast and, or structure which could hinder interpretation.

Effect of the structure of cellulose acetate membranes on their permeability, electrical conductivity and rejection

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2933-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Hartmut Schwarz ◽  
Vlastimil Kůdela ◽  
Klaus Richau
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membrane ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Dc Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes

Ultrafiltration cellulose acetate membrane can be transformed by annealing into reverse osmosis membranes (RO type). Annealing brings about changes in structural properties of the membranes, accompanied by changes in their permeability behaviour and electrical properties. Correlations between structure parameters and electrochemical properties are shown for the temperature range 20-90 °C. Relations have been derived which explain the role played by the dc electrical conductivity in the characterization of rejection ability of the membranes in the reverse osmosis, i.e. rRO = (1 + exp (A-B))-1, where exp A and exp B are statistically significant correlation functions of electrical conductivity and salt permeation, or of electrical conductivity and water flux through the membrane, respectively.

Dry cellulose acetate (CA) Reverse osmosis membranes reinforced with polyester fabric and cast by machine

Desalination ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Liu Yu-rong ◽  
Lang Kang-min ◽  
Chen Yi-ming ◽  
Cai Bang-xiao
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Permeability of phenol through cellulose acetate membranes by reverse osmosis in various alcoholic systems

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nomura ◽  
Manabu Senō ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Takeo Yamabe
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes
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