Colonic mucosal lesions associated with long-term administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Background:Inflammatory response is a common physiological response that protects the host of many harmful stimuli such as toxins, local injuries and pathogens. Today, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly prescribed for the treatment of many inflammatory treatments. However, long term administration of these NSAIDs causes many adverse effects, including gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding and kidney damage. Therefore, the need for new anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects is required.Objectives:The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Cinnamomum verum (C. Verum) on rats while testing the dose effect and the typical effect of the solvent.Methods:The edema was induced by injection of carrageenan solution (CARR) in paw of rats according to the method of Winter et al, 1963. The measurements of volumes of right hind paw of each rat were taken before induction of edema and each 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h and 5 h after the injection of carrageenan. 7 groups of 6 rats received, one hour before the injection of the carrageenan, different treatment: G1= witness, G2=CARR + saline solution, G3= CARR+ Acetylsalicylic acid, G4= CARR + C. verum- MeOH 100, G5= CARR + C. verum- MeOH 300, G6= CARR + CARR + C. verum- EtOH 100 and G7= CARR + C.verum- EtOH 300.Results:For this test, the volume of edema increases with time, this increase is greater in the group treated with saline solution than with the extracts of C.Verum and with Acetylsalicylic acid. The extracts of C. Verum administered intraperitoneally one hour before the injection of the carrageenan, reduced the edema in the third hour after.Conclusion:The interesting anti-inflammatory activity of Cinnamomum verum recorded in this work may at least in part support its popular use in traditional medicine [1, 2].References:[1]Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir, Attya Bhatti, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, Mansur Abdullah Sandhu, Sidrah Anjum, Peter John. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic role of Cinnamomum verum extracts in collagen-induced arthritic BALB/c mice. Inflammopharmacology 2018 Feb;26(1):157-170.[2]Heping Cao, Joseph F Urban Jr, Richard A Anderson. Cinnamon polyphenol extract affects immune responses by regulating anti- and proinflammatory and glucose transporter gene expression in mouse macrophages. J Nutr 2008 May;138(5):833-40.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on long-term pain in calves castrated by use of an external clamping technique following epidural anesthesia

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association ◽

10.2460/javma.232.12.1862 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 232 (12) ◽

pp. 1862-1862

Author(s):

George Stilwell ◽

Miguel S. Lima ◽

Donald M. Broom

Keyword(s):

Epidural Anesthesia ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of atrial fibrillation.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.6994956.7196054 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Tamargo

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Clinical and economic implications of upper gastrointestinal adverse events in Asian rheumatological patients on long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1111/1756-185x.13256 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 943-951 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lydia Say Lee Pok ◽

Fatiha Hana Shabaruddin ◽

Maznah Dahlui ◽

Sargunan Sockalingam ◽

Mohd Shahrir Mohamed Said ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Gastrointestinal Adverse Events ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

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Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain control in patients with osteoarthritis: results of the 12-month observational study AELITA (Analgesia: Effective Treatment Using The Therapeutic Algorithm)

Modern Rheumatology Journal ◽

10.14412/1996-7012-2021-6-84-90 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 84-90

Author(s):

A. E. Karateev ◽

E. Yu. Polishchuk ◽

E. S. Filatova ◽

A. S. Potapova ◽

V. A. Nesterenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Control ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Pain Reduction ◽

Time Frame ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Primary Means ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the primary means of managing chronic osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The choice of NSAIDs is based on an analysis of the risk of adverse reactions (ARs). Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term use of NSAIDs for pain control in patients with OA in real clinical practice.Patients and methods. To assess the results of long-term use of NSAIDs in OA, a 12-month observational non-interventional study was conducted. It included 611 patients with knee, hip and generalized OA, and nonspecific back pain associated with OA of the facet joints. All patients were prescribed aceclofenac (Aertal®) 200 mg/day. The patients' condition was assessed 2 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the start of therapy. The following parameters were determined: the intensity of pain during movement and the general health assessment (GA) according to the visual analogue scale (VAS, 10 cm); pain intensity according to the Likert verbal rating scale (VRS) (0–4); the number of patients with a pain reduction of ≥50% from baseline; patients' assessment of the result of therapy according to Likert VRS (1–5). The development of ARs was recorded at each visit.Results and discussion. By month 12, 46.8% of patients had dropped out of observation. In patients who continued the study, the average severity of pain according to the VAS at baseline, after 2 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was: 6.5±1.2; 4.8±1.4; 3.2±1.4; 2.6±1.4; 2.2±1.1; 1.4±1.1 cm, respectively (significant differences compared to the baseline for all points – p<0.05). The same differences were obtained in GA assessment.Within the indicated time frame, the number of patients with moderate / severe pain (on the Likert scale) decreased from 77.8 to 24.9; 2.9; 2.3; 0.9 and 0%, respectively. The number of patients with a pain reduction of ≥50% from baseline was 12.0; 65.1; 81.0; 88.5 and 84.0%, respectively. A good or excellent assessment of treatment results after 2 weeks was given by 63.3% of patients, and after 12 months – by 95.6%. ARs were observed in about 30% of patients, mainly mild or moderate dyspepsia (in 11.1–23.3%) and arterial hypertension (in 7.1–10.9%). No serious ARs were registered.Conclusion. Aceclofenac is an effective and relatively safe drug for the long-term management of chronic pain in OA.

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Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of synthesized novel benzoxazole derivatives

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871523020666210203103433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Mansi L. Patil ◽

Swati S. Gaikwad ◽

Naresh J. Gaikwad

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Research Study ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Introduction: Pain is an immunological response to any infection or inflammation and long term use of pain management therapy includes use of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which is associated with occurrence of toxicity as well as gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, the investigation of new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents remains a major challenge. Aims: The objective of this research study is to undergo the pharmacological evaluation of newly synthesized benzoxazole derivatives. These novel derivatives were evaluated for anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity using various in-vivo and ex-vivo methods. Methods: The study was carried out using swiss mice (adult male) weighing between 20gm to 30gm and were divided into groups containing (n=6) six animals in each group for treatment. The anti-nociceptive activity was performed by using 0.1ml of 0.6% v/v acetic acid as nociception inducer and evaluated by the diminished number of abdominal writhes. The anti-inflammatory activity was done using 0.1 ml of 2% w/v Carrageenan induced paw edema method was observed which was evaluated by calculating the percent maximum possible effect. Histopathological evaluation and cytotoxic activity of the compounds was carried out. Results: The results of this research study revealed that synthesized derivatives (a, b, c, d and e) showed promising anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect along significantly higher cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 cell lines. Conclusion: It can be concluded that synthesized derivatives (a, b, c, d and e) have potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect along with cytotoxic activity and certain modification in structure may result in potent activity.

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Musculoskeletal system

Revision Notes for MCEM Part A ◽

10.1093/med/9780199583836.003.0045 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 411-414

Author(s):

Dr Mark Harrison

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Early Mobilization ◽

Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

System P ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

8.1 Nonpharmacological measures, 412 8.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 412 8.3 Corticosteroids, 414 8.4 Drugs used in gout and hyperuricaemia, 414 • Management of musculoskeletal injuries and diseases involves more than just pharmacological intervention. • Consideration of splinting, physiotherapy, and early mobilization can be the most effective way to ease pain and improve long-term outcome....

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