Challenges of long-term nutrition intervention studies on cognition: discordance between observational and intervention studies of vitamin B12 and cognition

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. S11-S15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie McCracken
1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Martorell

This is an overview of ten papers published in this issue of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin dealing with two components of a nutrition intervention study: the INCAP longitudinal study, 1969–1977, and the follow-up study, 1988–1989. The latter is a continuation of the former and seeks to test the hypothesis that nutritional improvements in early childhood lead to improved human capital formation in adolescents and young adults. Beneficial outcomes have been found to include greater body size and fat-free mass (particularly in females), improved working capacity in males, and enhanced intellectual performance in bath sexes.


2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Susanna C Bouwer ◽  
Magdalena JC Bosman

The objective of this study was to assess consumer acceptability, preference and consumption intent of an instant soy maize porridge, compared to an instant plain maize porridge, in order to determine the successful inclusion of the soy maize porridge as a food supplement for HIV subjects in a subsequent nutrition intervention trial, to improve their nutritional status. A 5-point hedonic and food action rating scale was used for this purpose. HIV-positive (n=57) and HIV-negative (n=47) subjects were recruited on a basis of availability and willingness to participate. Long-term acceptability and compliance of HIV-positive consumers (n=9) was assessed after three and five months. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s multiple comparison test and T-tests (p≤0.05) were performed. Overall, consumers found the soy maize porridge significantly more acceptable, preferred it to, and also intended to consume it more often than the plain maize porridge. There were no significant differences between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative group regarding acceptability, preference and consumption intent. After three and five months, the HIV-positive consumers (n=9) did not find acceptability of the soy maize porridge significantly different from the first evaluation. It therefore had the potential to be included successfully in the nutrition intervention trial. The current study emphasises the need for sensory evaluation of food products prior to including them in intervention studies, to assess consumers’ acceptance of them. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was om verbruikers se aanvaarding, voorkeur en voorneme van verbruik van ‘n kitssojamieliepap, in vergelyking met ‘n gewone kitsmieliepap te bepaal, ten einde die suksesvolle insluiting van die kitssojamieliepap as voedselaanvulling vir HIV-proefpersone om hul voedingstatus te verbeter, in ‘n daaropvolgende voedingsintervensiestudie te ondersoek. ‘n Vyf-punt hedoniese en voedselaksie-skattingskaal is vir hierdie doel gebruik. HIV-positiewe (n=57) en negatiewe (n=47) proefpersone is op grond van beskikbaarheid en gewilligheid om deel te neem, gewerf. Langtermynaanvaarding en inskiklikheid van HIV- positiewe verbruikers (n=9) is na drie en vyf maande bepaal. Variansie-analise (ANOVA), Tukey se meervoudige vergelykingstoets en T-toetse (p≤0.05) is uitgevoer. Verbruikers het oor die algemeen die sojamieliepap betekenisvol meer aanvaarbaar gevind, dit bo die gewone kitsmieliepap verkies, en was ook van voorneme om dit meer dikwels as laasgenoemde te verbuik. Daar was geen betekenisvolle verskille tussen die HIV-positiewe en -negatiewe groep ten opsigte van aanvaarbaarheid, voorkeur en voorneme van verbruik nie. Na drie en vyf maande het die HIV-positiewe verbruikers (n=9) nie die aanvaarbaarheid van die sojamieliepap betekenisvol verskillend van die eerste evaluering gevind nie. Dit het dus die potensiaal gehad om suksesvol in die voedingsintervensiestudie ingesluit te word. Die huidige studie beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid van sintuiglike evaluering van voedselprodukte voor die insluiting daarvan in intervensiestudies, ten einde verbruikers se aanvaarding daarvan te bepaal.


2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Vellutino ◽  
Haiyan Zhang

Abstract This article reviews recent intervention studies that have provided the foundation for a variety of RTI approaches to reading disability classification and remediation. The three-tier model of RTI is defined and discussed. Selected findings from a kindergarten and first grade intervention study are summarized.


Author(s):  
Mauro Lombardo ◽  
Arianna Franchi ◽  
Roberto Biolcati Rinaldi ◽  
Gianluca Rizzo ◽  
Monica D’Adamo ◽  
...  

There are few long-term nutritional studies in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery that have assessed weight regain and nutritional deficiencies. In this study, we report data 8 years after surgery on weight loss, use of dietary supplements and deficit of micronutrients in a cohort of patients from five centres in central and northern Italy. The study group consisted of 52 subjects (age: 38.1 ± 10.6 y, 42 females): 16 patients had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 25 patients had sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 11 subjects had adjustable gastric banding (AGB). All three bariatric procedures led to sustained weight loss: the average percentage excess weight loss, defined as weight loss divided by excess weight based on ideal body weight, was 60.6% ± 32.3. Despite good adherence to prescribed supplements, 80.7% of subjects (72.7%, AGB; 76.7%, SG; 93.8 %, RYGB) reported at least one nutritional deficiency: iron (F 64.3% vs. M 30%), vitamin B12 (F 16.6% vs. M 10%), calcium (F 33.3% vs. M 0%) and vitamin D (F 38.1% vs. M 60%). Long-term nutritional deficiencies were greater than the general population among men for iron and among women for vitamin B12.


Author(s):  
Eugène H.J.M. Jansen ◽  
Piet K. Beekhof ◽  
Johannes W.J.M. Cremers ◽  
Erna Schenk

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pankiewicz ◽  
Anna Adamowicz-Salach ◽  
Marek W. Karwacki ◽  
Katarzyna Pawelec ◽  
Katarzyna Albrecht ◽  
...  

Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency could be difficult due to various and rather unspecific symptoms and often late manifestation in hematological findings. B12 has a crucial role as cofactor of many metabolic pathways and has essential role in many processes such as DNA synthesis, neuron myelination and gluconeogenesis. Blood smear has a huge role in early diagnosis and should be performed. B12 deficiency is not very common, however could be underestimated especially in developing countries. In children main cause of deficiency is exclusively breastfeeding by vitamin B12 depleted mothers. Consequences of low intake in children are more severe than in adults, because of lower liver storage. Early detection and treatment is very important, because long term deficiency could result in persistent neurological damage. Coexistence iron or folate deficiencies could result delay in diagnosis. In this article different manifestation and laboratory findings in group of children with B12 deficiency is described.


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