How effective are interventions at enhancing empathy for service users with an intellectual disability who engage in sexually abusive behaviour? A review of the literature

BackgroundService user involvement is receiving increasing support from mental health policy makers, service planners and research commissioners. However, we lack a good understanding of the nature and extent to which service users are involved in personality disorder (PD) services and the effects of involvement in these services.ObjectivesTo review and appraise published sources; increase understanding about service user involvement in PD services; and highlight knowledge gaps and related issues.MethodsA scoping review methodology was adopted. Data were ‘charted’ to illustrate the landscape of writings and views and a qualitative analysis synthesized the results in terms of key emergent themes.ResultsOnly a small amount of published work was identified with significant gaps in the literature. Effects were reported mostly in terms processes and emotional and practical benefits for service users. Emergent themes were wellness and health, recruitment and support for service users.ConclusionsThis scoping review uncovered a lack of published work despite service user involvement being a key strand of health policy. There is a need for outcomes-focused research regarding service user involvement. Successful user involvement in PD services requires attention to be focused on the context, recruitment, support and ‘wellness’ of service users.

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Delineating the Clinical Spectrum Associated With Xq25q26.2 Duplications: Report of 2 Families and Review of the Literature

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/0883073818811454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 86-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John C. Herriges ◽

Ellen M. Arch ◽

Pamela A. Burgio ◽

Erin E. Baldwin ◽

Danielle LaGrave ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Learning Difficulties ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Speech Delay ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Phenotype Correlation ◽

Additional Insight ◽

Dysmorphic Features ◽

Phenotypic Spectrum ◽

Insight Into

To date, 13 patients with interstitial microduplications involving Xq25q26.2 have been reported. Here, we report 6 additional patients from 2 families with duplications involving Xq25q26.2. Family I carries a 5.3-Mb duplication involving 26 genes. This duplication was identified in 3 patients and was associated with microcephaly, growth failure, developmental delay, and dysmorphic features. Family II carries an overlapping 791-kb duplication that involves 3 genes. This duplication was identified in 3 patients and was associated with learning disability and speech delay. The size and gene content of published overlapping Xq25q26.2 duplications vary, making it difficult to define a critical region or establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. However, patients with overlapping duplications have been found to share common clinical features including microcephaly, growth failure, intellectual disability, learning difficulties, and dysmorphic features. The 2 families presented here provide additional insight into the phenotypic spectrum and clinical significance of duplications in this region.

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Profiling the Sexually Abusive Behaviour of Men with Intellectual Disabilities

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1111/j.1468-3148.1997.tb00013.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 125-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

David Thompson

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Sexually Abusive ◽

Abusive Behaviour

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An 8.4‐Mb 3q26.33‐3q28 microdeletion in a patient with blepharophimosis–intellectual disability syndrome and a review of the literature

Clinical Case Reports ◽

10.1002/ccr3.632 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 824-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katrin Õunap ◽

Sander Pajusalu ◽

Olga Zilina ◽

Tiia Reimand ◽

Riina Žordania

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Review Of The Literature

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A Report on a Family with TMTC3-Related Syndrome and Review

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/7163038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Sayeeda Hana ◽

Deepak karthik ◽

Jingxuan Shan ◽

Stephany El Hayek ◽

Lotfi Chouchane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Exome Sequencing ◽

Neuronal Migration ◽

Psychomotor Retardation ◽

Muscular Hypotonia ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Recessive Mutations ◽

Whole Exome ◽

Development Delay ◽

Cobblestone Lissencephaly

Recessive mutations in the TMTC3 gene have been reported in thirteen patients to date exhibiting development delay, intellectual disability (ID), seizures, and muscular hypotonia, accompanied occasionally by neuronal migration defects expressed as either cobblestone lissencephaly or periventricular hypertopia. Here, we report a new case of a TMTC3-related syndrome in a Lebanese family with two affected siblings showing severe psychomotor retardation, intellectual disability, microcephaly, absence of speech, muscular hypotonia, and seizures. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous pathogenic variant c.211 C > T (p.R71C) in the TMTC3 gene in both siblings. A review of the literature on TMTC3-related syndrome and its causal mutations is provided.

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An Interstitial Deletion at 7q33-36.1 in a Patient with Intellectual Disability, Significant Language Delay, and Severe Microcephaly

Case Reports in Genetics ◽

10.1155/2016/6046351 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Trupti Kale ◽

Melissa Philip

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Interstitial Deletion ◽

Language Delay ◽

Facial Features ◽

Rare Entity ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

Concise Review ◽

Phenotypic Variations ◽

Primary Focus

Interstitial deletions of the distal 7q region are considered a rare entity. In this report, we describe a seven-year-old male with a heterozygous interstitial deletion at 7q33-36.1 with characteristic dysmorphic facial features, intellectual disability, severe microcephaly, and significant language delay. The primary focus of our report is to compare our case with the few others in the literature describing interstitial deletions at the long arm of chromosome 7. Based on the various breakpoints in prior studies, a number of phenotypic variations have been identified that are unique to each of the reports. However, there are also a number of similarities among these cases as well. We hope to provide a concise review of the literature and genes involved within our deletion sequence in the hope that it will contribute to creating a phenotypic profile for this patient population.

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The utility of ‘Ding Ding Lok’ in rehabilitation service for adult persons with intellectual disability: A thematic analysis on reports by service staff

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1177/1744629519858554 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 174462951985855

Author(s):

Ocean Hoi-yeung Hung ◽

Joey Chung-yee Ma

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Personal Growth ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Rehabilitation Service ◽

Positive Interactions ◽

Service Users ◽

Perceived Benefits ◽

Staff Members ◽

Service Staff

This article introduces ‘Ding Ding Lok’ (DDL), a group game especially designed for persons affected by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability and explores its utility in rehabilitation service settings in Hong Kong. Reports from service staff who participated in the pilot project were analysed using thematic analysis. Two key questions were explored: (1) staff members’ perceived benefits of the game for service users and (2) source of enjoyment for staff members in the game process. Results of the thematic analysis generated four themes, including ‘Social Repertoire Expansion’, ‘Exercising Cognitive Abilities’, ‘Leisure & Recreation’ and ‘Personal growth’ for the first question on perceived benefits and five themes including ‘Positive interactions’, ‘Users’ positive feelings’, ‘Increased understanding’, ‘Game design’ and ‘Users’ improvement’ for the second question on source of enjoyment for staff members. On the whole, DDL was perceived to be highly beneficial for the service users and were regarded as very enjoyable to the participating service staff.

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Ring 21 chromosome presenting with epilepsy and intellectual disability: Clinical report and review of the literature

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A ◽

10.1002/ajmg.a.33899 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 155 (4) ◽

pp. 911-914 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nicola Specchio ◽

Antonio Carotenuto ◽

Marina Trivisano ◽

Simona Cappelletti ◽

Cristina Digilio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Clinical Report ◽

Review Of The Literature

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How Pornography May Distort Risk Assessment of Children and Adolescents Who Sexually Harm

Children Australia ◽

10.1017/cha.2015.28 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 232-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Russell Pratt ◽

Cyra Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

The Past ◽

Length Of Treatment ◽

Sexually Abusive ◽

Pornography Consumption ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Abusive Behaviour

Over the past three decades, an accepted “given” of adolescent sexually abusive behaviour assessment and treatment has been that the more serious the sexual acts committed, the more entrenched that adolescent's behaviours are likely to be, with a likely progression from minor assaults through to more serious, intrusive acts. We assume youth engaging in the sexually abusive behaviour may have become both desensitised to the harm they are causing, whilst needing to engage in more severe offences to gain the level of arousal originally achieved through lesser acts. This conceptualisation suggests a somewhat causal relationship between the duration of the sexually abusive behaviour; the severity of the behaviour and the length of treatment required to manage and treat the issue.Has pornography consumption potentially impacted the assessment and treatment of youth who sexually harm? Does a relationship exist between the severity and the entrenchment of the sexually assaultive acts committed, or has viewing pornography and re-enacting what has been viewed altered this relationship? This article explores a number of these themes and questions.

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