scholarly journals The role of functional constraints in nonrandom mating patterns for a dance fly with female ornaments

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind L. Murray ◽  
Darryl T. Gwynne ◽  
Luc F. Bussière
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Nonrandom Mating ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Female Ornaments ◽  
Dance Fly

scholarly journals Sexual selection on multiple female ornaments in dance flies

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1887) ◽  
pp. 20181525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind L. Murray ◽  
Jill Wheeler ◽  
Darryl T. Gwynne ◽  
Luc F. Bussière
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Female Ornaments ◽  
Conflict Model ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Ornament Evolution ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Dance Fly ◽  
Trait Space

Sex-specific ornaments typically occur in males, but they can also develop in females. While there are several models concerning the evolution of male-specific ornaments, it is not clear how, or under what circumstances, those models apply to female-specific ornament evolution. Here, we present a manipulative field experiment that explores the theoretical ‘trait space’ of multiple female-specific ornaments to study how these unusual traits evolved. We measured the attractiveness of two female-specific ornaments (pinnate leg scales and inflatable abdominal sacs) in the dance fly Rhamphomyia longicauda in a wild mating swarm. We found significant directional preferences for larger ornaments of both types; however, variation in one of the ornaments (abdominal sacs) was almost three times more effective at improving attractiveness. The abdominal ornament was consistently effective in increasing attractiveness to males regardless of leg ornament expression, while leg ornament size was only effective if abdominal ornaments were very small. These results are consistent with predictions from a sexual conflict model of ornament expression in supporting the probable role of deception in the evolution of female-specific ornaments among dance flies. Sexual conflict can be an important force in generating elaborate sex-specific ornaments in females as well as males.

Ornaments in Females

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Ingo Schlupp
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Female Ornaments ◽  
Ornamental Traits

In this chapter I want to explore the role of ornamental traits in females. They pose a bit of a conundrum, as they are not really predicted to exist—at least until recently. From a simple sexual selection point of view, female ornaments should be selected against by males because inconspicuous females suffer less predation and are more likely to care for their offspring successfully. Yet, countless species show ornaments in females. Are they adaptations of some kind or just the side effect of a genetic correlation? And what information do female ornaments convey to males?

scholarly journals Posttranslational marks control architectural and functional plasticity of the nuclear pore complex basket

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Niño ◽  
David Guet ◽  
Alexandre Gay ◽  
Sergine Brutus ◽  
Frédéric Jourquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Genotoxic Stress ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Genome Integrity ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Damage Response

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) serves as both the unique gate between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and a major platform that coordinates nucleocytoplasmic exchanges, gene expression, and genome integrity. To understand how the NPC integrates these functional constraints, we dissected here the posttranslational modifications of the nuclear basket protein Nup60 and analyzed how they intervene to control the plasticity of the NPC. Combined approaches highlight the role of monoubiquitylation in regulating the association dynamics of Nup60 and its partner, Nup2, with the NPC through an interaction with Nup84, a component of the Y complex. Although major nuclear transport routes are not regulated by Nup60 modifications, monoubiquitylation of Nup60 is stimulated upon genotoxic stress and regulates the DNA-damage response and telomere repair. Together, these data reveal an original mechanism contributing to the plasticity of the NPC at a molecular-organization and functional level.

Role of Spatial Integration in the Morphology of the Bony Labyrinth in Modern Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Le Maître
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Petrous Bone ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Geometrical Constraints

The bony labyrinth corresponds to the osseous wall of the inner ear, the hearing and balance organ located in the petrous pyramids, in the base of the cranium. The morphology of the labyrinth reflects phylogenetic and ecological signals. In hominoid primates, it is also influenced by its anatomical environment. The aim of this study is to determine whether, in the species Homo sapiens, the morphological relationships between the labyrinth and the skull result from geometrical constraints linked to equilibrioception, or from spatial constraints due to the inclusion of the inner ear in the petrous bone. Based on CT-scans of the skulls of adult individuals (n=30), two sets of 22 landmarks each were placed on the labyrinth and on the basicranium. The covariations between these two sets were investigated using twoblock partial least squares (2B-PLS) analyses. The shape of the labyrinth is significantly correlated with the cranial base, but not with the isolated temporal bone. This indicates that the morphology of the labyrinth mainly results from functional constraints. However, several observations suggest that spatial constraints also have an influence, especially on the cochlea. The associated changes in shape are consistent with the ontogenetic trend, but differ slightly from the phylogenetic trend. These covariations caution against exclusively ecological interpretations of the morphology of the labyrinth.

A curiously ubiquitous articulatory movement

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-522
Author(s):  
Björn Lindblom
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Articulatory Movement ◽  
Content Theory

The frame/content theory justifiably makes tinkering an important explanatory principle. However, tinkering is linked to the accidental and, if completely decoupled from functional constraints, it could potentially play the role of an “idiosyncracy generator,” thus offering a sort of “evolutionary” alibi for the Chomskyan paradigm – the approach to language that MacNeilage most emphatically rejects. To block that line of reasoning, it should be made clear that evolutionary opportunism always operates within the constraints of selection.

The role of females in influencing mating patterns

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Ahnesjö ◽  
Amanda Vincent ◽  
Rauno Alatalo ◽  
Tim Halliday ◽  
William J. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Mating Patterns

scholarly journals The Relative Power of Family-Based and Case-Control Designs for Linkage Disequilibrium Studies of Complex Human Diseases. II. Individual Genotyping

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Teng ◽  
Neil Risch
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Dna Pooling ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Nonrandom Mating ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Individual Genotyping ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Control Designs

In this paper we consider test statistics based on individual genotyping. For sibships without parents, but with unaffected as well as affected sibs, we introduce a new test statistic (referred to asTDS), which contrasts the allele frequency in affected sibs versus that estimated for the parents from the entire sibship. For sibships without parents, this test is analogous to the TDT and is completely robust to nonrandom mating patterns. The efficiency of the TDS test is comparable to that of the THS test (which compares affected vs. unaffected sibs and was based on DNA pooling), for sibships with one affected child. However, as the number of affected sibs in the sibship grows, the relative efficiency of the TDS test versus theTHS test also increases. For example, for sibships with three affected, one-third fewer families are required; for families with four affected, nearly half as many are required. Thus, when sibships contain multiple affected individuals, theTDS test provides both an increase in power and robustness to nonrandom mating.

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