A curiously ubiquitous articulatory movement

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-522
Author(s):  
Björn Lindblom
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Articulatory Movement ◽  
Content Theory

The frame/content theory justifiably makes tinkering an important explanatory principle. However, tinkering is linked to the accidental and, if completely decoupled from functional constraints, it could potentially play the role of an “idiosyncracy generator,” thus offering a sort of “evolutionary” alibi for the Chomskyan paradigm – the approach to language that MacNeilage most emphatically rejects. To block that line of reasoning, it should be made clear that evolutionary opportunism always operates within the constraints of selection.

scholarly journals Posttranslational marks control architectural and functional plasticity of the nuclear pore complex basket

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Niño ◽  
David Guet ◽  
Alexandre Gay ◽  
Sergine Brutus ◽  
Frédéric Jourquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Genotoxic Stress ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Genome Integrity ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Damage Response

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) serves as both the unique gate between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and a major platform that coordinates nucleocytoplasmic exchanges, gene expression, and genome integrity. To understand how the NPC integrates these functional constraints, we dissected here the posttranslational modifications of the nuclear basket protein Nup60 and analyzed how they intervene to control the plasticity of the NPC. Combined approaches highlight the role of monoubiquitylation in regulating the association dynamics of Nup60 and its partner, Nup2, with the NPC through an interaction with Nup84, a component of the Y complex. Although major nuclear transport routes are not regulated by Nup60 modifications, monoubiquitylation of Nup60 is stimulated upon genotoxic stress and regulates the DNA-damage response and telomere repair. Together, these data reveal an original mechanism contributing to the plasticity of the NPC at a molecular-organization and functional level.

Role of Spatial Integration in the Morphology of the Bony Labyrinth in Modern Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Le Maître
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Petrous Bone ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Geometrical Constraints

The bony labyrinth corresponds to the osseous wall of the inner ear, the hearing and balance organ located in the petrous pyramids, in the base of the cranium. The morphology of the labyrinth reflects phylogenetic and ecological signals. In hominoid primates, it is also influenced by its anatomical environment. The aim of this study is to determine whether, in the species Homo sapiens, the morphological relationships between the labyrinth and the skull result from geometrical constraints linked to equilibrioception, or from spatial constraints due to the inclusion of the inner ear in the petrous bone. Based on CT-scans of the skulls of adult individuals (n=30), two sets of 22 landmarks each were placed on the labyrinth and on the basicranium. The covariations between these two sets were investigated using twoblock partial least squares (2B-PLS) analyses. The shape of the labyrinth is significantly correlated with the cranial base, but not with the isolated temporal bone. This indicates that the morphology of the labyrinth mainly results from functional constraints. However, several observations suggest that spatial constraints also have an influence, especially on the cochlea. The associated changes in shape are consistent with the ontogenetic trend, but differ slightly from the phylogenetic trend. These covariations caution against exclusively ecological interpretations of the morphology of the labyrinth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Role of Functional Constraints on the Integrity of an Ultraconserved Region in the Genus Drosophila

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e1002475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Díaz-Castillo ◽  
Xiao-Qin Xia ◽  
José M. Ranz
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constraints

scholarly journals Functional constraints on insect immune system components govern their evolutionary trajectories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Ruzzante ◽  
Romain Feron ◽  
Maarten JMF Reijnders ◽  
Antonin Thiebaut ◽  
Robert Michael Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Genomic Change ◽  
Evolutionary Features ◽  
System Components ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories

The role of constraints in shaping evolutionary outcomes is often investigated in the contexts of developmental biology and population genetics, in terms of the capacity to generate new variants as well as how selection either limits or promotes consequent phenotypic change. Comparative genomics also recognises the role of constraints, in terms of shaping the evolution of gene and genome architectures, sequence evolutionary rates, and gene gains and losses, as well as on molecular phenotypes. Characterising patterns of genomic change where putative functions and interactions of system components are relatively well-described offers opportunities to explore whether genes with similar or analogous roles exhibit similar evolutionary trajectories, possibly governed by common constraints. Using insect innate immunity as our study system, we hypothesise that quantitative characterisation of gene evolutionary histories can define distinct dynamics associated with different functional roles. We develop metrics that quantify gene evolutionary histories, employ these to characterise evolutionary features of immune gene repertoires, and explore relationships between gene family evolutionary profiles and their roles in immunity to understand how different constraints may relate to distinct dynamics. We identified three main axes of evolutionary trajectories characterised by gene duplication and synteny, maintenance/stability and sequence conservation, and loss and sequence divergence, highlighting similar and contrasting patterns across these axes amongst subsets of immune genes. Our results indicate that where and how genes participate in immune responses limit the range of possible evolutionary scenarios they exhibit. Comparative genomics approaches therefore offer opportunities to characterise how functional constraints on different components of biological systems govern their evolutionary trajectories.

scholarly journals The role of functional constraints in nonrandom mating patterns for a dance fly with female ornaments

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind L. Murray ◽  
Darryl T. Gwynne ◽  
Luc F. Bussière
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Nonrandom Mating ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Female Ornaments ◽  
Dance Fly

Premotor systems, language-related neurodynamics, and cetacean communication

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-518
Author(s):  
Gary Goldberg ◽  
Roberta Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Content Theory ◽  
Production Mechanisms ◽  
Motor Acts

The frame/content theory of speech production is restricted to output mechanisms in the target article; we suggest that these ideas might best be viewed in the context of language production proceeding as a coordinated dynamical whole. The role of the medial premotor system in generating frames matches the important role it may play in the internally dependent timing of motor acts. The proposed coevolution of cortical architectonics and language production mechanisms suggests a significant divergence between primate and cetacean species corresponding to major differences in areal differentiation trends in cerebral cortex.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

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