Neuroprotective effects of vildagliptin in rat rotenone Parkinson's disease model: role of RAGE-NFκB and Nrf2-antioxidant signaling pathways

: Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common adult-onset, a chronic disorder involving neurodegeneration, pro-gressively leading to deprivation of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, causing a subsequent reduction of dopa-mine levels in the striatum resulting in tremor, myotonia, and dyskinesia. Genetics and environmental factors are believed to be responsible for the onset of Parkinson’s disease. The exact pathogenesis of Parkinson's dis-ease is quite complicated and the present anti-Parkinson's disease treatments appear to be clinically insufficient. Comprehensive researches have demonstrated the use of natural products such as ginseng, curcumin, ashwa-gandha, baicalein, etc. for the symptomatic treatment of this disease. The neuroprotective effects exhibited by these natural products are mainly due to their ability to increase dopamine levels in the striatum, manage oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutathione levels, clear the aggregation of α-synuclein, induce the autophagy and de-crease the pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. This paper reviews various natural product studies conducted by the scientists to establish the role of natural products (both metabolite extracts as well as pure metabolites) as adjunctive neuroprotective agents.

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Modulatory Role of Nurr1 Activation and Thrombin Inhibition in the Neuroprotective Effects of Dabigatran Etexilate in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Rats

Molecular Neurobiology ◽

10.1007/s12035-017-0636-x ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Esraa A. Kandil ◽

Rabab H. Sayed ◽

Lamiaa A. Ahmed ◽

Mai A. Abd El Fattah ◽

Bahia M. El-Sayeh

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Dabigatran Etexilate ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Thrombin Inhibition

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Gastrodin Protects Apoptotic Dopaminergic Neurons in a Toxin-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Model

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/514095 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Hemant Kumar ◽

In-Su Kim ◽

Sandeep Vasant More ◽

Byung-Wook Kim ◽

Young-Yil Bahk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Dopaminergic Neurons ◽

Disease Model ◽

Motor Impairment ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Dopamine Depletion ◽

Active Constituent ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Phenolic Glucoside

Gastrodia elata(GE) Blume is one of the most important traditional plants in Oriental countries and has been used for centuries to improve various conditions. The phenolic glucoside gastrodin is an active constituent of GE. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of gastrodin in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- (MPTP) induced human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), respectively. Gastrodin significantly and dose dependently protected dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxicity through regulating free radicals, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA, caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in SH-SY5Y cells stressed with MPP+. Gastrodin also showed neuroprotective effects in the subchronic MPTP mouse PD model by ameliorating bradykinesia and motor impairment in the pole and rotarod tests, respectively. Consistent with this finding, gastrodin prevented dopamine depletion and reduced reactive astrogliosis caused by MPTP as assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in the substantiae nigrae and striatata of mice. Moreover, gastrodin was also effective in preventing neuronal apoptosis by attenuating antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities in these brain areas. These results strongly suggest that gastrodin has protective effects in experimental PD models and that it may be developed as a clinical candidate to ameliorate PD symptoms.

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