scholarly journals Cellulose ether treatment in vivo generates chronic wasting disease prions with reduced protease resistance and delayed disease progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Hannaoui ◽  
Maria Immaculata Arifin ◽  
Sheng Chun Chang ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Preetha Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Cellulose Ether ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Protease Resistance ◽  
Ether Treatment

scholarly journals In Vivo Comparison of Chronic Wasting Disease Infectivity from Deer with Variation at Prion Protein Residue 96

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (17) ◽  
pp. 9235-9238 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Race ◽  
K. Meade-White ◽  
M. W. Miller ◽  
K. A. Fox ◽  
B. Chesebro
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Wasting Disease

scholarly journals Exposure Risk of Chronic Wasting Disease in Humans

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Satish K. Nemani ◽  
Jennifer L. Myskiw ◽  
Lise Lamoureux ◽  
Stephanie A. Booth ◽  
Valerie L. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Strain Typing ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Wasting Disease

The majority of human prion diseases are sporadic, but acquired disease can occur, as seen with variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) following consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). With increasing rates of cervid chronic wasting disease (CWD), there is concern that a new form of human prion disease may arise. Currently, there is no evidence of transmission of CWD to humans, suggesting the presence of a strong species barrier; however, in vitro and in vivo studies on the zoonotic potential of CWD have yielded mixed results. The emergence of different CWD strains is also concerning, as different strains can have different abilities to cross species barriers. Given that venison consumption is common in areas where CWD rates are on the rise, increased rates of human exposure are inevitable. If CWD was to infect humans, it is unclear how it would present clinically; in vCJD, it was strain-typing of vCJD prions that proved the causal link to BSE. Therefore, the best way to screen for CWD in humans is to have thorough strain-typing of harvested cervids and human CJD cases so that we will be in a position to detect atypical strains or strain shifts within the human CJD population.

scholarly journals Cervid Prion Protein Polymorphisms: Role in Chronic Wasting Disease Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2271
Author(s):  
Maria Immaculata Arifin ◽  
Samia Hannaoui ◽  
Sheng Chun Chang ◽  
Simrika Thapa ◽  
Hermann M. Schatzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Prion Strains ◽  
Free Ranging

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease found in both free-ranging and farmed cervids. Susceptibility of these animals to CWD is governed by various exogenous and endogenous factors. Past studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms within the prion protein (PrP) sequence itself affect an animal’s susceptibility to CWD. PrP polymorphisms can modulate CWD pathogenesis in two ways: the ability of the endogenous prion protein (PrPC) to convert into infectious prions (PrPSc) or it can give rise to novel prion strains. In vivo studies in susceptible cervids, complemented by studies in transgenic mice expressing the corresponding cervid PrP sequence, show that each polymorphism has distinct effects on both PrPC and PrPSc. It is not entirely clear how these polymorphisms are responsible for these effects, but in vitro studies suggest they play a role in modifying PrP epitopes crucial for PrPC to PrPSc conversion and determining PrPC stability. PrP polymorphisms are unique to one or two cervid species and most confer a certain degree of reduced susceptibility to CWD. However, to date, there are no reports of polymorphic cervid PrP alleles providing absolute resistance to CWD. Studies on polymorphisms have focused on those found in CWD-endemic areas, with the hope that understanding the role of an animal’s genetics in CWD can help to predict, contain, or prevent transmission of CWD.

scholarly journals Prion Protein Polymorphisms Affect Chronic Wasting Disease Progression

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e17450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad J. Johnson ◽  
Allen Herbst ◽  
Camilo Duque-Velasquez ◽  
Joshua P. Vanderloo ◽  
Phil Bochsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Protein Polymorphisms

scholarly journals B Cells and Platelets Harbor Prion Infectivity in the Blood of Deer Infected with Chronic Wasting Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 5097-5107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace K. Mathiason ◽  
Jeanette Hayes-Klug ◽  
Sheila A. Hays ◽  
Jenny Powers ◽  
David A. Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Prion Infection ◽  
Plasma Fraction ◽  
Free Plasma

ABSTRACT Substantial evidence for prion transmission via blood transfusion exists for many transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases. Determining which cell phenotype(s) is responsible for trafficking infectivity has important implications for our understanding of the dissemination of prions, as well as their detection and elimination from blood products. We used bioassay studies of native white-tailed deer and transgenic cervidized mice to determine (i) if chronic wasting disease (CWD) blood infectivity is associated with the cellular versus the cell-free/plasma fraction of blood and (ii) in particular if B-cell (MAb 2-104+), platelet (CD41/61+), or CD14+ monocyte blood cell phenotypes harbor infectious prions. All four deer transfused with the blood mononuclear cell fraction from CWD+ donor deer became PrPCWD positive by 19 months postinoculation, whereas none of the four deer inoculated with cell-free plasma from the same source developed prion infection. All four of the deer injected with B cells and three of four deer receiving platelets from CWD+ donor deer became PrPCWD positive in as little as 6 months postinoculation, whereas none of the four deer receiving blood CD14+ monocytes developed evidence of CWD infection (immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis) after 19 months of observation. Results of the Tg(CerPrP) mouse bioassays mirrored those of the native cervid host. These results indicate that CWD blood infectivity is cell associated and suggest a significant role for B cells and platelets in trafficking CWD infectivity in vivo and support earlier tissue-based studies associating putative follicular B cells with PrPCWD. Localization of CWD infectivity with leukocyte subpopulations may aid in enhancing the sensitivity of blood-based diagnostic assays for CWD and other TSEs.

Chronic Wasting Disease Options of Surveillance in Carpathian Cervids: from the Identification of Characteristic Microscopic Pathologic Changes to Prionic Seeded Conversion and Amplification Assays

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
Florica Barbuceanu ◽  
Stelian Baraitareanu ◽  
Stefania-Felicia Barbuceanu ◽  
Gabriel Predoi
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Antigen Capture ◽  
Confirmatory Tests

This paper describes the current diagnostic methods of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in cervides used between 2013 and 2017 in Romania. The active surveillance of CWD involves the targeted groups screening by using rapid diagnostic tests (e.g., antigen capture enzyme immunoassay). If the first test does not provide certain negative results, then the confirmatory methods have been used, i.e. histopathology, immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. These tests did not lead to the detection of CWD prions (PrPCWD) in Romania. This may be due to the absence or insufficient quantity of PrPCWD in samples, below the threshold of confirmatory tests.

Development of Aptamer Beacons for Antemortem Diagnosis of Chronic Wasting Disease

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Clinkenbeard
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Wasting Disease
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