Caudal vertebra transfer: treatment of radio-ulnar nonunion and severe bone shortening in a dog

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
A. Palumbo Piccionello ◽  
A. Salvaggio ◽  
A. Volta
Keyword(s):  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Bone Shortening

scholarly journals New plesiosaurid material from the Maastrichtian type area, the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiko Miedema ◽  
Anne S. Schulp ◽  
John W.M. Jagt ◽  
Eric W.A. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Type Area ◽  
Juvenile Individual

Abstract Here we report on a newly collected, well-preserved vertebral centrum of a plesiosaur from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage in southern Limburg. The specimen is interpreted as a caudal vertebra that originated from an osteologically immature or juvenile individual, as evidenced by the position of the pedicular facets, the presence of a notochord pit and the absence of fused neural arches. It adds to the meagre record of sauropterygians in the area.

scholarly journals First rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaur from Asia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246620
Author(s):  
Alexander Averianov ◽  
Hans-Dieter Sues
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Caudal Vertebra

Dzharatitanis kingi gen. et sp. nov. is based on an isolated anterior caudal vertebra (USNM 538127) from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Bissekty Formation at Dzharakuduk, Uzbekistan. Phylogenetic analysis places the new taxon within the diplodocoid clade Rebbachisauridae. This is the first rebbachisaurid reported from Asia and one of the youngest rebbachisaurids in the known fossil record. The caudal is characterized by a slightly opisthocoelous centrum, ‘wing-like’ transverse processes with large but shallow PRCDF and POCDF, and the absence of a hyposphenal ridge and of TPRL and TPOL. The neural spine has high SPRL, SPDL, SPOL, and POSL and is pneumatized. The apex of neural spine is transversely expanded and bears triangular lateral processes. The new taxon shares with Demandasaurus and the Wessex rebbachisaurid a high SPDL on the lateral side of the neural spine, separated from SPRL and SPOL. This possibly suggests derivation of Dzharatitanis from European rebbachisaurids. This is the second sauropod group identified in the assemblage of non-avian dinosaurs from the Bissekty Formation, in addition to a previously identified indeterminate titanosaurian.

Nerve grafts and transfers

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Robert Bains ◽  
Simon Kay
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Nerve Reconstruction ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Axonal Regrowth ◽  
Bone Shortening ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Nerve Autograft

Following Cruickshank’s (1795) ingenious (and at first disbelieved) demonstration of the regenerative capacity of mammalian nerves, the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw a pan-European enthusiasm to redress the nihilism surrounding nerve injury. The first recorded experimental nerve grafts were performed by Philipeaux and Vulpian who attempted both nerve autografting as well as allografting in dogs. At that time, and for many years, allografts were thought to behave similarly to autografts, a belief that persisted well into the twentieth century in some clinics and laboratories. These early attempts at nerve grafting yielded poor results and most surgeons aimed for primary nerve repair despite nerve gaps. Other techniques to allow direct repair involved alteration of position, transposition of the nerve, and even sometimes bone shortening. Although primary repair was frequently possible, after these measures the repair was under tension and mechanical failure was common. Spurling (1945), Whitcomb (1946), and Woodall (1956) showed failure rates of 4%, 7.5%, and 22.4% respectively. Some recovery of function following nerve grafting was documented by Sanders (1942), Seddon (1954), and Brooks (1955). Millesi subsequently published his results for nerve grafting for injuries to the upper limb in 1984. These papers demonstrated more significant recovery of function and highlighted the detriment of delay in treatment to final outcome. Microsurgical advances were central to Millesi’s results, and he emphasized atraumatic dissection and the deleterious effect of tension at the repair site resulting in fibrosis preventing axonal regrowth. Nerve autograft is now the standard for orthotopic nerve reconstruction when primary repair cannot be achieved.

scholarly journals Reexamination of a primitive ornithomimosaur, Garudimimus brevipes Barsbold, 1981 (Dinosauria: Theropoda), from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1501-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitsugu Kobayashi ◽  
Rinchen Barsbold
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Original Diagnosis ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Dorsal Process ◽  
Anatomical Information ◽  
Edentulous Jaws

The holotype of Garudimimus brevipes, discovered from the Upper Cretaceous sediments of Mongolia and named by Barsbold in 1981, is redescribed in detail in this paper. Reexamination of the holotype reveals a great deal of anatomical information, which allows us to revise the original diagnosis of this taxon and make comparisons with other ornithomimosaur taxa to understand the evolution of ornithomimosaurs. This paper suggests that characters used to differentiate this taxon in the original paper (short ilia, short metatarsals, exposure of the proximal end of metatarsal III, presence of pedal digit I, and absence of pleurocoels) are not apomorphies but represent the primitive conditions in ornithomimosaurs and are symplesiomorphies. Revised diagnoses are assigned for G. brevipes (posteriorly positioned jaw articulation, fossae at base of dorsal process of supraoccipital, paired depressions on neural spines of proximal caudal vertebra, and deep groove on lateral surface of pedal phalanges III-1 and III-2). Metatarsals of Garudimimus display a non-arctometatarsalian condition as in an Early Cretaceous form, Harpymimus, but the constriction of metatarsal III in Garudimimus is intermediate between Harpymimus and the arctometatarsalian condition in Gallimimus and other derived ornithomimosaurs (ornithomimids). Garudimimus is the only non-ornithomimid ornithomimosaur with edentulous jaws, which were probably covered by rhamphothecae. The loss of teeth with evolution of rhamphothecae and development of a cutting edge in the dentary of Garudimimus suggest the acquisition of feeding habits that included plucking food at the anterior portion of the jaw and cutting at the middle portion, similar to ornithomimids.

scholarly journals Redescription of the perciform fish Symphysanodon disii (Symphysanodontidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, with comments on S. pitondelafournaisei and sexual dimorphism in the genus WILLIAM D. ANDERSON, JR. (USA), AVI BARANES (Israel) & MENACHEM GOREN (Israel)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3027 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM D. ANDERSON, JR. ◽  
AVI BARANES ◽  
MENACHEM GOREN
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Southwestern Indian Ocean ◽  
Pectoral Fin Rays

Symphysanodon disii was described in 2008 from a single specimen collected in October 1999 from the Gulf of Aqaba. More recently, March 2008, four additional specimens of this species were collected in the Gulf. The following characters in combination distinguish S. disii from the other species in the genus: parapophyses on the first caudal vertebra, tubed scales in the lateral line 48 to 50, total number of first-arch gillrakers 34 to 37, sum of total number of gillrakers plus lateral-line scales (in individual specimens) 82 to 87, pectoral-fin rays 16 or 17, fleshy orbit diameter 7.2 to 8.3 % SL, and second anal-spine length 8.3 to 9.7 % SL. We redescribe S.disii, comment on S. pitondelafournaisei from the southwestern Indian Ocean off Reunion Island, and discuss sexual dimorphism in the genus.

scholarly journals Review of the perciform fish genus Symphysanodon Bleeker (Symphysanodontidae), with descriptions of three new species, S. mona, S. parini, and S. rhax

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 996 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM D. ANDERSON ◽  
VICTOR G. SPRINGER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Single Plate ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
A New Species

Symphysanodon mona, a new species of perciform fish, is described from a single specimen collected in Mona Passage off the west coast of Puerto Rico. It differs from all other species of Symphysanodon in having fewer gillrakers on the first gill arch (4 or 5 + 19–21 = 24 or 25 total vs. 8–14 + 20–29 = 28–42 total) and, additionally, from the other two Atlantic species of the genus (S. berryi and S. octoactinus) in two other features of gill-arch morphology, viz., in having a ventral branch of the obliquus dorsalis 3 muscle (vs. its absence in the other two species) and in having a posteriorly projecting extension of the cartilaginous lateral end of ceratobranchial 4 (vs. its absence in the other two species; S. berryi has a small accessory cartilage associated with the lateral end of ceratobranchial 4 which may also be present in S. octoactinus). Symphysanodon parini, new species, known from 10 specimens collected over Sala y Gómez Ridge in the eastern South Pacific, can be distinguished from all other species of Symphysanodon, except S. maunaloae from the central and western Pacific, by the following combination of characters: segmented anal-fin rays 7, tubed lateral-line scales 45–50, total gillrakers on first gill arch 31– 34 (9 or 10 + 22–24), sum of lateral-line scales and gillrakers on individual specimens 77–84, depth of body 22.5–24.7 % SL (4.0–4.4 times in SL), length of depressed anal fin 24.8–26.4 % SL, hypurals 1 & 2 autogenous, hypurals 3 & 4 represented by a single plate, and first caudal vertebra without parapophyses. It is distinguished from S. maunaloae by differences in mean numbers of tubed lateral-line scales (mean = 47.89 for S. parini vs. mean = 44.94 for S. maunaloae) and pectoral-fin rays (mean = 16.90 for S. parini vs. mean = 16.13 for S. maunaloae) and by differences in a few morphometric characters. Symphysanodon rhax, new species, known from specimens collected off the Maldive Islands, northern Indian Ocean, is separable from all other species of Symphysanodon, except S. berryi from the Atlantic, by the following combination of characters: segmented rays in the anal fin 7, tubed lateral-line scales 50, gillrakers on the first gill arch 35–38 (10 or 11 + 25–27), sum of lateral-line scales and gillrakers on individual specimens 85–88, depth of body 20.6–24.8 % SL (4.0–4.9 times in SL), length of depressed anal fin 21.8–23.9 % SL, hypurals 1 & 2 autogenous, hypurals 3 & 4 represented by a single plate, and first caudal vertebra without parapophyses. It can be distinguished from S. berryi by its shorter second anal-fin spine and a suite of other morphometric characters. A key to Symphysanodon and a review of the other species of the genus are also presented.

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