Some new and known species of Bomolochidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) parasitic on Japanese actinopterygian fishes, 3

Orbitacolax bispinus sp. nov., Orbitacolax leptoscari (Yamaguti, 1953), Paraorbitacolax sphyraenae Izawa, 2021, and one male specimen of a Bomolochidae sp. are (re)described. The male and copepodid V female of O. leptoscari, and the male and copepodid V male of P. sphyraenae are described for the first time for the respective species. A description performed in Izawa (2020, 2021) that the maxilliped of the female bears a dorsal process in Orbitacolax and Paraorbitacolax spp., was wrong and is herein corrected.

Description and rediagnosis of the crested hadrosaurid (Ornithopoda) dinosaur Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus on the basis of new cranial remains

For nearly 60 years, skulls of Parasaurolophus species have been differentiated primarily on the basis of crest shape rather than on unique morphologic characters of other cranial elements. Complicating matters is the fact that crests dramatically change shape throughout ontogeny. Without a complete growth series, it has become difficult to assess the taxonomic distinctness of each species through the lens of allometric growth. Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus has proven to be especially troublesome to assess because of the poorly preserved nature of the type and only skull. A new, partial skull from the Fossil Forest Member of the Fruitland Formation—the same geologic unit as the type specimen—is the first opportunity to re-diagnose this species as well as redefine the genus with many new traits. An undescribed, short-crested subadult skull from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah previously assigned to cf. P. cyrtocristatus allows detailed comparisons to be made between the unnamed Utah taxon and the material of this species from the type locality. We find that several characteristics of the squamosal, supraoccipital, and premaxilla shared between the referred skull and the type skull are unique to P. cyrtocristatus (senso stricto) within the genus, irrespective of the overall crest shape. A phylogenetic analysis that includes six new characters posits that P. cyrtocristatus and P. tubicen are sister taxa, and that the latter does not share a closest common ancestor with the long-crested P. walkeri as previously hypothesized. This result helps to explain why both taxa are found in northeastern New Mexico, USA and in sequential geologic units (Fruitland Formation and Kirtland Formation, respectively). Additionally, the exquisitely preserved new skull provides the first opportunity to unequivocally identify the osteological make-up of the Parasaurolophus cranial crest. Unlike in previous reconstructions, the crest composition in Parasaurolophus follows what is seen in other lambeosaurines such as Corythosaurus, where the dorsal process of the premaxilla dominates the crest, with the nasal forming 80% of the ventral paired tubes, and the lateral premaxillary process acting a lateral cover between the dorsal and ventral tubes. The skull of P. cyrtocristatus is still incompletely known, so more complete material will likely reveal new features that further differentiate this species and aid in determining the pace of ornamental crest evolution.

A new catfish species of Microcambeva Costa & Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from a coastal basin in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil

Microcambeva bendego, a small psammophilous catfish species, is described from the rio Guapi-Macacu basin at Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro State, an Atlantic Forest remnant. This coastal drainage has been explored by several naturalists and fish researchers since the 19th century. It is a drainage with remarkably high endemism and species richness, and some recently-described and threatened species. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by two distinctive characters: long finger-like projections in the branchial isthmus and a large opercular patch of odontodes with 19 odontodes. Due to the paucity of specimens (n=3) osteological features of the new species were accessed by CT-Scan images of the holotype. Microcambeva bendego shares putative synapomorphies with two congeners, M. ribeirae and M. filamentosa, such as the fusion of supraorbital pore s6, the absence of ossification in the anterior autopalatine cartilage, the presence of an elongated and wide posterior process of the autopalatine, and a concavity on the dorsal process of the opercle. Those characters suggest that M. bendego is more closely related to those two species from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin than to other congeners. The biogeography and conservation status of M. bendego are also discussed.

A new species of the genus Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from northern Mexico

A new species, Hyalella tepehuanasp. nov., is described from Durango state, Mexico, a region where studies on Hyalella have been few. This species differs from most species of the North and South American genus Hyalella in the number of setae on the inner plate of maxilla 1 and maxilla 2, characters it shares with Hyalella faxoni Stebbing, 1903. Nevertheless, H. faxoni, from the Volcan Barva in Costa Rica, lacks a dorsal process on pereionites 1 and 2. Also, this new species differs from other described Hyalella species in Mexico by the shape of the palp on maxilla 1, the number of setae on the uropods, and the shape of the telson.

Phylogeny and evolution of the genus Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), with the description of three new species

The seed beetle genus Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead is peculiar because its preferred host Lonchocharpus Kunth (Fabaceae) is not preyed upon by other bruchine species. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of this genus and of its species groups, while providing the description of three new species and of the male of C. biolleyi Kingsolver & Whitehead. To infer phylogenetic relationships, a character matrix of 40 morphological characters was assembled and analysed using both parsimony and Bayesian inference. Ancestral state estimations of host plant use and biogeography analyses were also performed. A total of 22 species were examined: 16 Ctenocolum species (including the three new ones) and six outgroup bruchine species (from genera Caryedes Hummel, Meibomeus Bridwell, Pygiopachymerus Pic and Pachymerus Thunberg). All resulting trees support the monophyly of the genus Ctenocolum. Three synapomorphies characterize the genus: (i) head with frontal carina enlarged at base, (ii) male pygidium truncated apically, and (iii) lateral lobes of tegmen with dorsal process. The two known species groups are also recovered monophyletic in the parsimony analyses. The following three species are described: Ctenocolum inmaculatus Manfio & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (Type locality: Venezuela, Guarico), which belongs to the group tuberculatum; Ctenocolum nigronotus Manfio & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (Type locality: Porto Rico, Mayaguez) and C. pallidus Manfio & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (Type locality: Republic of Guyana), which belong to the group podagricus. Finally, we present colored illustrations of dorsal patterns and male genitalia for these three new species and C. biolleyi in addition to an updated key for the genus Ctenocolum.

Paraclupea seilacheri sp. nov., un arenque de doble armadura (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) de las calizas albianas de la cantera Tlayúa, Puebla, México

Paraclupea seilacheri sp. nov. is described in this paper. This ellimmichthyiform fish from the Albian deposits of the Tlayúa quarry, near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, central Mexico, shows the diagnostic characters of the superorder Clupeomorpha (the otophysic connection, commissure of the supratemporal sensory canal passing through parietals, and the abdominal scute series), order Ellimmichthyiformes (parietals in contact to each other along the midline of the skull; a beryciform foramen in the anterior ceratohyal; three epurals in the caudal skeleton; and a series of predorsal scutes), and family Paraclupeidae (predorsal scutes with increasing sizes in anterioposterior order and postpelvic abdominal scutes with a strong ventral spine). Additionally, the characters of this new Mexican fish are distinctive and support the creation of a new species of the genus Paraclupea, these include a diamond shaped body moderately high; 18 predorsal scutes strongly ornamented with radiating ridges; most posterior predorsal scutes are subrectangular, wider than long; the abdominal scutes are spatula-like; the dorsal process of posttemporal bone is hypertrophied; and the second uroneural is short and distally reaches the end of the first uroneural. The present finding introduces the second species of the genus Paraclupea; a significative increase in the geographical distribution of this genus in the Northern Hemisphere, from eastern China to the southern North America; and the third North American Cretaceous paraclupeid after Tycheroichthys dunveganensis and Scutatoclupea applegatei.

Phylogenetic relationships and a new classification of the family Cyclopteridae (Perciformes: Cottoidei)

Phylogenetic relationships of the family Cyclopteridae were reconstructed based on osteological and external characters. The monophyly of the family was strongly supported by 47 commonly recognized synapomorphies, including six autapomorphies (plus one additional autapomorphy, presence of a dorsal process on the pelvis, recognized after the phylogenetic analysis) among the suborder Cottoidei. As a result of the cladistic analysis, a single most parsimonious phylogeny was obtained, based on characters in 32 transformation series. A new classification of Cyclopteridae based on reconstructed relationships, including three subfamilies [Liparopsinae, Cyclopterinae and Eumicrotreminae (newly established)] and four genera (Aptocyclus, Cyclopsis, Cyclopterus and Eumicrotremus), is proposed.

A new species of Labidocera (Copepoda, Calanoida, Pontellidae) from the Arabian Gulf

A new species of marine epiplanktonic copepod of the genus Labidocera Lubbock, 1853 (Calanoida, Pontellidae), Labidocera kuwaitiana sp. nov., is described from the coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf [=Persian Gulf] near Kuwait. The species belongs to the ‘darwinii’ species group because it has an endopod on the left fifth leg of the male, but differs distinctly from other members of the group in having a dorsal process on the genital double-somite in the female and a greatly elongated, toothed process on segments XXI-XXIII at the prehensile antennule in the male. The new species is closely related to L. acutifrons (Dana, 1849), but may be distinguished from L. acutifrons by details of the urosome and fifth leg in the female and details of the fifth leg and prehensile antennule in the male. The size of the eye lenses in Labidocera kuwaitiana sp. nov. males is shortly discussed. A key to the species of the ‘darwinii’ group is presented.

Two new species of Gabophlias (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Phliantidae) from Australia

Two new species of the genus Gabophlias are described and compared with the only previously known species from thisgenus, Gabophlias olono J.L. Barnard, 1972. Different from this species, the dorsum of Gabophlias gabiae sp. nov. doesnot have a carina. Gabophlias kerstinae sp. nov. has a dorsal carina, but it is very shallow on pereonite 1, whereas G. olonohas a large mid-dorsal process on pereonite 1. All three species can also be distinguished from each other by characteristics on antenna 1.

A new species of Colobomatus (Copepoda, Phylichthyidae) parasitic on Mullus argentinae (Perciformes, Mullidae) from South American Atlantic coast

A new species of Colobomatus Hesse, 1873 is described from pores of the cephalic sensory system and nostrils of Argentine goatfish, Mullus argentinae Hubbs et Marini, 1933 (Perciformes: Mullidae), living along the southwestern Atlantic coast. The fish were collected at different latitudes, stretching from the State of Rio de Janeiro in the north, through Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) to of Mar del Plata (Argentina) in the south. The prevalence of the infection ranged from 42% through 84%. The new species look alike to two other species, parasites of mullids (C. steenstrupi and C. mulli) particularly in the body shape and the number, shape, and ornamentation of cephalic, thoracic, and genital processes. The new species, however, can be readily distinguished by having the central cephalic process shorter than lateral ones, the later being bilobed at tip forked, and a relatively larger abdomen. Furthermore, C. steenstrupi possesses relatively wider trunk processes with rounded tips, a short abdominal dorsal process, and attains a larger size (up to 3.6 mm). C. mulli also differs by having all body processes with forked tips, and relatively shorter sixth thoracic somite and abdominal segments 1–3. This is the third record of a species of Colobomatus in South American Atlantic waters.