Effect of a low‐fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia

Background: HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapies have been associated with changes in individuals’ lipid profiles and fat distribution (lipodystrophy). A pilot study was conducted for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate whether lipodystrophy in HIV patients can be controlled by adopting the low-fat and low-cholesterol diet or the modified Mediterranean diet. Methods: Forty-eight HIV patients were randomised into two diet groups. Thirty-six (75%) completed the 1-year pilot study with regular dietetic consultations, during which time lipid levels, weight, body mass index and fat distribution were recorded. Differences between and within groups were determined. Results: Undesirable body fat changes in the low-fat diet group included decreases in tricep skinfold (from 19.9 mm to 15.4 mm (P = 0.03)), hip circumference (from 93.6 cm to 91.7 cm (P = 0.01)) but a significant increase in waist-to-hip ratio (from 0.87 to 0.89 (P = 0.003)). Serum cholesterol increased significantly in the Mediterranean diet group at 9 and 12 months (from 4.6 to 5.06 mmol L−1 (P = 0.03) and 5.12 mmol L−1 (P = 0.01)) with no obvious change in the low-fat diet group. Serum triglyceride levels remained the same in the Mediterranean diet group, whereas it increased from 1.9 to 3.22 mmol L−1 (P = 0.07) in the low-fat diet group. Conclusions: A Mediterranean diet seems to have an advantage over the low-fat diet in maintaining serum triglyceride levels and avoiding lipodystrophy, but this advantage was offset by a rise in cholesterol level. Several procedural and methodological issues were identified which must be rectified before a similar large-scale trial taking place.

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Orlistat Therapy for Children With Type 1 Hyperlipoproteinemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-00369 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 2403-2407 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nivedita Patni ◽

Claudia Quittner ◽

Abhimanyu Garg

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Medical Center ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Low Fat ◽

Open Label ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

Low Fat Diet

Abstract Context Patients with type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia (T1HLP), a rare genetic disorder, have extreme chylomicronemia and recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. Currently, the only therapeutic option is to consume an extremely low-fat diet because the triglyceride-lowering medications are not efficacious. Objective To determine the efficacy of orlistat, a gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor, in reducing serum triglyceride levels in patients with T1HLP. Design and Setting We conducted a randomized, open-label, clinical trial with a four-period, two-sequence (“orlistat” and “off orlistat” for 3 months), crossover study design. Patients Two unrelated young Asian Indian males (11 and 9 years old) with T1HLP due to homozygous large GPIHBP1 deletions were enrolled at the UT Southwestern Medical Center. The patients were randomized to receive 3 months of orlistat or no therapy (off), then crossed over to the other arm, and this sequence was then repeated. Fasting serum triglyceride levels, fat-soluble vitamins, and gastrointestinal side effects were assessed. Results Compared with the two off periods, orlistat therapy reduced serum triglycerides by 53.3% and 53.0% in patient 1 and 45.8% and 62.2% in patient 2. There was no deficiency of fat-soluble vitamin levels, and their growth continued. There were no serious adverse effects of orlistat; patient 1 had a mild increase in passage of gas and bloating, and patient 2 had constipation with mild stool leakage. Conclusion Orlistat is safe and highly efficacious in lowering serum triglycerides in children with T1HLP and should be the first-line therapy in conjunction with an extremely low-fat diet.

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A very-low-fat diet is not associated with improved lipoprotein profiles in men with a predominance of large, low-density lipoproteins

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/69.3.411 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 411-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Darlene M Dreon ◽

Harriett A Fernstrom ◽

Paul T Williams ◽

Ronald M Krauss

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Lipoprotein Profiles

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Effect of pectin, wheat bran and cellulose on serum lipids and lipoproteins in rats fed on a low- or high-fat diet

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19870109 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 405-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jean Louis Vigne ◽

Denis Lairon ◽

Patrick Borel ◽

Henri Portugal ◽

Anne-Marie Pauli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Bran ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

Low Density ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Lowered Serum

1. Four groups of adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed for 6 weeks on a diet with a low-fat content (50 g/kg) and another four groups were given a diet rich in fat (250 g/kg) and cholesterol (12 g/kg). In both cases, the basal diets were either fibre-depleted or supplemented with cellulose (60 g/kg), wheat bran (100 g/kg) or low-methoxyl pectin (100 g/kg).2. Low-methoxyl pectin displayed the most hypocholesterolaemic effect and decreased the cholesterol content of the very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), when the low-fat diet was given. When rats were fed on the high-fat diet, pectin no longer had a hypocholesterolaemic effect but still decreased the VLDL-cholesterol content. Pectin lowered serum triglyceride and VLDL-trigylceride levels only when the low-fat diet was given.3. Wheat bran exerted no hypocholesterolaemic effect in rats fed on the low- and high-fat diets, but decreased the cholesterol content of VLDL and lowered serum triglycerides and VLDL-tryglycerides when the high-fat diet was given.4. Purified cellulose had no significant effect on plasma lipids.5. As shown by multivariance analysis, low-methoxyl pectin and wheat bran both beneficially modified the serum triglyceride and cholesterol variables except VLDL-triglycerides. However, the magnitude of the effect of each individual type of fibre was dependent on the fat and cholesterol content of the diet, suggesting the existence of different mechanisms of action.

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