Community-level functional interactions with fire track long-term structural development and fire adaptation

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brussel ◽  
Thomas A. Minckley ◽  
Simon C. Brewer ◽  
Colin J. Long
Keyword(s):  
Community Level ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Fire Adaptation

scholarly journals COVID-19 Response in Thailand and Its Implications on Future Preparedness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Wijitbusaba Marome ◽  
Rajib Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

Thailand has been affected by COVID-19, like other countries in the Asian region at an early stage, and the first case was reported as early as mid-January 2020. Thailand’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been guided by the “Integrated Plan for Multilateral Cooperation for Safety and Mitigation of COVID-19”. This paper analyses the health resources in the country and focuses on the response through community-level public health system and legislative measures. The paper draws some lessons on future preparedness, especially with respect to the four priorities of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. At the end, the paper puts some key learning for future preparedness. While Thailand’s response to COVID-19 has been effective in limiting the spread of the disease, it falls short at being able to address the multiple dimensions of the crisis such as the economic and social impacts. The socioeconomic sectors have been hardest hit, with significant impact on tourism sectors. Sociopolitical system also plays an important role in governance and decision-making for pandemic responses. The analysis suggests that one opportunity for enhancing resilience in Thailand is to strive for more multilevel governance that engages with various stakeholders and to support grassroots and community-level networks. The COVID-19 pandemic recovery is a chance to recover better while leaving no one behind. An inclusive long-term recovery plan for the various impacted countries needs to take a holistic approach to address existing gaps and work towards a sustainable society. Furthering the Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management (HEDRM) Framework may support a coordinated response across various linked sectors rather than straining one particular sector.

Community Disaster Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deserai A. Crow ◽  
Elizabeth A. Albright
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Focusing Events ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Extreme Flooding

Disasters can serve as focusing events that increase agenda attention related to issues of disaster response, recovery, and preparedness. Increased agenda attention can lead to policy changes and organisational learning. The degree and type of learning that occurs within a government organization after a disaster may matter to policy outcomes related to individual, household, and community-level risks and resilience. Local governments are the first line of disaster response but also bear the burden of performing long-term disaster recovery and planning for future events. Crow and Albright present the first framework for understanding if, how, and to what effect communities and local governments learn after a disaster strikes. Drawing from analyses conducted over a five-year period following extreme flooding in Colorado, USA, Community Disaster Recovery: Moving from Vulnerability to Resilience presents a framework of community-level learning after disaster and the factors that catalyse policy change towards resilience.

Community-level genetic profiles of actinomycetales in long-term biowaste-amended soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (10) ◽  
pp. 2607-2617
Author(s):  
Sonia Mokni-Tlili ◽  
Inès Mehri ◽  
Manel Ghorbel ◽  
Wafa Hassen ◽  
Abdennaceur Hassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Level ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Genetic Profiles

Effects of agricultural management on dermosols in northern Tasmania

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching ◽  
J. Cooper ◽  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
B. E. McCorkell ◽  
W. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Attributes of 15 Tasmanian dermosols were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine changes associated with 3 typical forms of agricultural management: long-term pasture, cropping with shallow tillage using discs and tines, and cropping (including potatoes) with more rigorous and deeper tillage including deep ripping and powered implements. Soil organic carbon in the surface 75 mm was 7.0% under long-term pasture compared with 4.3% and 4.2% in cropped paddocks. Microbial biomass carbon concentrations were 217 mg/kg, 161 mg/kg, and 139 mg/kg, respectively. These differences were negatively correlated with the number of years cropped. Greater bulk densities were found in the surface layer of cropped paddocks but these were not associated with increased penetration resistance or decreased infiltration rate and are unlikely to impede root growth. Long-term pasture paddocks showed stronger structural development and had smaller clods than cropped paddocks. Vane shear strength and penetration resistance were lower in cropped paddocks than under long-term pasture. Many soil attributes showed no significant differences associated with management. Including potatoes in the rotation did not appear to affect these dermosols, which indicates a degree of robustness in these soils. clay loams, organic carbon, soil strength, aggregate stability, land management, cropping.

scholarly journals Can Selection Thinning Convert Even-Age Douglas-Fir Stands to Uneven-Age Structures?

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Miller ◽  
Bill Emmingham
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Understory Trees ◽  
Long Term Experience

Abstract Uneven-age management of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands can be used to address aesthetic, wildlife habitat, biodiversity, and sustainability concerns, but there has been little long-term experience with this type of management. To develop timely information on converting even-age stands to uneven-age forests, we used retrospective stand reconstruction methods to document harvest frequency, intensity, and stand structural development at four sites in western Oregon. We studied stands managed by selection thinning and identified strategies for creating and managing uneven-age forests. Selection thinning benefited mid- and understory trees and stimulated natural regeneration. Although stand growth was less than expected from low thinning, growth per unit of growing stock was similar to that in unmanaged stands. Douglas-fir often dominated regeneration and had satisfactory vigor at stocking levels about half that considered full stocking for even-age management, but good growth of regeneration may require even lower overstory stocking. Shade-tolerant grand fir and western hemlock, however, were more abundant at higher stocking levels. Selection thinning of young Douglas-fir stands can sometimes be effective in promoting viable regeneration while providing regular income and biodiversity. Because this was a retrospective study only, further, long-term testing is necessary. West. J. Appl. For. 16(1):35–43.

Community level response to climate change: The long-term study of the fish and crustacean community of the Bristol Channel

2011 ◽  
Vol 400 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Henderson ◽  
R.M.H. Seaby ◽  
J.R. Somes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

scholarly journals Mass Azithromycin Distribution and Community Microbiome: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy Doan ◽  
Armin Hinterwirth ◽  
Ahmed M Arzika ◽  
Sun Y Cotter ◽  
Kathryn J Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Mass distributions of oral azithromycin have long been used to eliminate trachoma, and they are now being proposed to reduce childhood mortality. The observed benefit appears to be augmented with each additional treatment, suggesting a possible community-level effect. Here, we assess whether 2 biannual mass treatments of preschool children affect the community’s gut microbiome at 6 months after the last distribution. Methods In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, children aged 1–60 months in the Dossa region of Niger were randomized at the village level to receive a single dose of azithromycin or placebo every 6 months. Fecal samples were collected 6 months after the second treatment for metagenomic deep sequencing. The prespecified primary outcome was the Euclidean PERMANOVA of the gut microbiome, or effectively the distance between the genus-level centroid at the community level, with the secondary outcome being the Simpson’s α diversity. Results In the azithromycin arm, the gut microbial structures were significantly different than in the placebo arm (Euclidean PERMANOVA, P < .001). Further, the diversity of the gut microbiome in the azithromycin arm was significantly lower than in the placebo arm (inverse Simpson’s index, P = .005). Conclusions Two mass azithromycin administrations, 6 months apart, in preschool children led to long-term alterations of the gut microbiome structure and community diversity. Here, long-term microbial alterations in the community did not imply disease but were associated with an improvement in childhood mortality. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02048007.

Long‐term Effect of Open‐Spoon Aerification on Plant and Soil Properties of Community Level Sports Fields

cftm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase M. Straw ◽  
Rebecca A. Grubbs ◽  
Gerald M. Henry ◽  
Robert N. Carrow ◽  
Van Cline
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Sports Fields

Stability and Variability in Competitive Communities

Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 286 (5439) ◽  
pp. 542-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ives ◽  
K. Gross ◽  
J. L. Klug
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Long-term variability in the abundance of populations depends on the sensitivity of species to environmental fluctuations and the amplification of environmental fluctuations by interactions among species. Although competitive interactions and species number may have diverse effects on variability measured at the individual species level, a combination of theoretical analyses shows that these factors have no effect on variability measured at the community level. Therefore, biodiversity may increase community stability by promoting diversity among species in their responses to environmental fluctuations, but increasing the number and strength of competitive interactions has little effect.

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