Parallel evolution of a new sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Misiones, Argentina with a review of biogeography and mitonuclear discordance in the C. mandelburgeri species complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Říčan ◽  
Štěpánka Říčanová ◽  
Adriana Almirón ◽  
Jorge Casciotta ◽  
Lubomír Piálek
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Species Pair

scholarly journals Microbiome composition within a sympatric species complex of intertidal isopods (Jaera albifrons)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0202212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius A. Wenzel ◽  
Alex Douglas ◽  
Stuart B. Piertney
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Microbiome Composition

The biosystematics and evolution of the Polyalthia hypoleuca species complex (Annonaceae) of Malesia. II. Comparative distributional ecology

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Rogstad
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Seedling Germination ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Substrate Types ◽  
Germination Requirements

ABSTRACTOne component of the high organismal diversity of tropical lowland rain forests is the existence of series of closely related, sympatric species. For example, the six distinct tree species of the monophyletic Polyalthia hypoleuca complex regularly grow sympatrically in various combinations throughout the rain forests of Malesia. Theoretical and empirical evidence has been presented indicating that the members of such series either (1) are well differentiated with respect to at least one major niche component; or (2) may lack differentiated niches. In this study, certain sympatric members of the complex are shown to have clearly diverged in autecological characteristics that affect their distribution including: (1) P. glauca, P. hypoleuca, and P. sumatrana differ in growth characteristics, height at maturity, seedling germination requirements, and are found on soils with differing degrees of hydration; (2) P. discolor grows to a different height and on different substrate types than does P. multinervis; and (3) P. glauca and P. hypoleuca seedlings differ in transpiration characteristics and response to flooding and drought.

scholarly journals Parallel evolution of facial stripe patterns in the Neolamprologus brichardi/pulcher species complex endemic to Lake Tanganyika

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 706-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Duftner ◽  
Kristina M. Sefc ◽  
Stephan Koblmüller ◽  
Walter Salzburger ◽  
Michael Taborsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Parallel Evolution

scholarly journals Olfactory mate recognition in a sympatric species pair of three-spined sticklebacks

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Rafferty ◽  
Janette Wenrick Boughman
Keyword(s):  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Species Pair

Raiding shoal size and a distraction display in male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Ridgway ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks

In threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), shoals of foraging conspecifics attack the nests of parental males and consume the offspring. This type of nest predation also occurs in lakes with sympatric species pairs of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus sp.) in which benthic stickleback shoals attack the nests of parental limnetic males. We manipulated shoal size of benthic sticklebacks in Paxton and Enos lakes to determine if there is a minimum shoal size necessary before parental limnetic males will perform the spasmodic swim display, a behaviour used by parental males to lure foraging shoals away from their nest and offspring. Males showed a significant increase in display frequency beginning with shoals of eight fish. The display occurred only when there were offspring in the nest and not when the nest was empty. We interpret the display to be a foraging deception in which parental males manipulate raiding shoals into giving up their search for a food source, causing them to leave the area of the male's nest site. This distraction display appears to be widespread within the threespine stickleback species complex.

Two new sympatric Sarotherodon species (Pisces: Cichlidae) endemic to Lake Ejagham, Cameroon, west-central Africa, with comments on the Sarotherodon galilaeus species complex

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2765 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIRK NEUMANN ◽  
MELANIE L. J. STIASSNY ◽  
ULRICH K. SCHLIEWEN
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
West Central ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Pharyngeal Jaw

Morphometric differentiation among 25 populations of the widespread Sarotherodon galilaeus species complex is investigated, and two new species are described from Lake Ejagham, Cameroon in west-central Africa. Sarotherodon lamprechti sp. nov. is characterized by a prognathous lower jaw, scales over the pectoral fin-base restricted at maximum to the basal third, and an elongate ventral keel on the lower pharyngeal jaw. Sarotherodon knauerae sp. nov. is characterized by the possession of an inflated second pharyngobranchial element of the upper pharyngeal jaw, and small size at maturation. It is further differentiated from its sympatric congener in having a shorter anal fin (12.0–14.6 % SL vs. 14.1–15.7 % SL), larger eyes (24.0–31.2 % HL vs. 20.4– 29.2 % HL), higher total gill raker count (24–30 vs. 20–25), and a terminal mouth. Molecular evidence for a sister group relationship for these two sympatric species is corroborated by the shared possession of a reduced number of teeth on the second pharyngobranchial element of the upper pharyngeal jaw.

Description of the Macrocheles kraepelini species complex (Acari: Macrochelidae) with two new species

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Walter ◽  
G. W. Krantz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Information

Mite predators of synanthropic flies similar to Macrocheles kraepelini (Berlese) are described as a new complex of species belonging to the Macrocheles glaber species group. Two new species in the kraepelini complex are described, M. tantalus and M. hallidayi. The male of M. kraepelini is described for the first time. Information on the distribution and phoretic associations of all three species is presented. Macrocheles hallidayi and M. kraepelini are sibling species, which, when sympatric, differ in adult body size by the same ratio as the holarctic sibling species pair of M. perglaber and M. glaber.

scholarly journals Taxonomic review of Australian Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) with special emphasis on the M. lophoides (Chaudoir) species complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Spermathecal Duct ◽  
Biogeographic History

The Australian fauna ofMecyclothoraxSharp (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Moriomorphini) is reviewed, with special focus on species assigned to the monophyletic subgenus Eucyclothorax Liebherr:M.isolatus,sp. n.from Western Australia,M.mooreiBaehr,M.punctatus(Sloane),M.curtus(Sloane),M.blackburni(Sloane);M.eyrensis(Blackburn);M.peryphoides(Blackburn);M.darlingtoni,sp. n.from Queensland;M.jameswalkeri,sp. n.from Western Australia;M.lophoides(Chaudoir); andM.cordicollis(Sloane). The last six species listed above–theM.lophoidesspecies complex–have been the source of long-term confusion for taxonomists, with male genitalic characters providing trouble-free species circumscription. One new subspecies,M.lewisensisestriatus,subsp. n.from Queensland is added to the seven previously described taxa of the monophyletic subgenus Qecyclothorax Liebherr. The balance of the fauna consists of four species in the subgenus Mecyclothorax:1and2, the sister-species pairM.lateralis(Castelnau) andM.minutus(Castelnau);3,M.ambiguus(Erichson); and4,M.punctipennis(MacLeay).Mecyclothoraxfortis(Blackburn),syn. n., is newly synonymized withM.minutus.MecyclothoraxovalisSloane is recombined asNeonomiusovalis(Sloane),comb. n., and a neotype is designated to replace the destroyed holotype. Phylogenetic relationships for the AustralianMecyclothoraxare proposed based on information from 68 terminal taxa and 139 morphological characters. The biogeographic history of AustralianMecyclothoraxis deduced based the sister-group relationship betweenMecyclothoraxand theAmblytelus-related genera, with both groups hypothesized to have originated during the late Eocene. Diversification withinMecyclothoraxhas occurred since then in montane rainforests of tropical Queensland, temperate forest biomes of the southwest and southeast, and in grasslands and riparian habitats adjacent and inland from those forests. Several species presently occupy interior desert regions, though no sister species mutually occupy such climatically harsh habitats. TheM.lophoidesspecies complex exhibits profound male genitalic diversification within the context of conserved external anatomy. This disparity is investigated with regard to the functional interaction of the male internal sac flagellum and female spermathecal duct. Though limited association of flagellar and spermathecal duct configurations can be documented, several factors complicate proposing a general evolutionary mechanism for the observed data. These include:1, the occurrence of derived, elongate spermathecal ducts in three species, two of which exhibit very long male flagella, whereas males of the third exhibit a very short flagellum; and2, a highly derived and exaggerated male flagellar configuration shared across a sister-species pair even though the two species can be robustly diagnosed using external anatomical characters, other significant genitalic differences involving male parameral setation, and biogeographic allopatry associated with differential occupation of desert versus forest biomes.

scholarly journals Local variation and parallel evolution: morphological and genetic diversity across a species complex of neotropical crater lake cichlid fishes

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1547) ◽  
pp. 1763-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Elmer ◽  
Henrik Kusche ◽  
Topi K. Lehtonen ◽  
Axel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Crater Lakes

The polychromatic and trophically polymorphic Midas cichlid fish species complex ( Amphilophus cf. citrinellus ) is an excellent model system for studying the mechanisms of speciation and patterns of phenotypic diversification in allopatry and in sympatry. Here, we first review research to date on the species complex and the geological history of its habitat. We analyse body shape variation from all currently described species in the complex, sampled from six crater lakes (maximally 1.2–23.9 kyr old) and both great lakes in Nicaragua. We find that Midas cichlid populations in each lake have their own characteristic body shape. In lakes with multiple sympatric species of Midas cichlid, each species has a distinct body shape. Across the species complex, most body shape change relates to body depth, head, snout and mouth shape and caudal peduncle length. There is independent parallel evolution of an elongate limnetic species in at least two crater lakes. Mitochondrial genetic diversity is higher in crater lakes with multiple species. Midas cichlid species richness increases with the size and age of the crater lakes, though no such relationship exists for the other syntopic fishes. We suggest that crater lake Midas cichlids follow the predicted pattern of an adaptive radiation, with early divergence of each crater lake colonization, followed by intralacustrine diversification and speciation by ecological adaptation and sexual selection.

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