scholarly journals Local variation and parallel evolution: morphological and genetic diversity across a species complex of neotropical crater lake cichlid fishes

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1547) ◽  
pp. 1763-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Elmer ◽  
Henrik Kusche ◽  
Topi K. Lehtonen ◽  
Axel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Crater Lakes

The polychromatic and trophically polymorphic Midas cichlid fish species complex ( Amphilophus cf. citrinellus ) is an excellent model system for studying the mechanisms of speciation and patterns of phenotypic diversification in allopatry and in sympatry. Here, we first review research to date on the species complex and the geological history of its habitat. We analyse body shape variation from all currently described species in the complex, sampled from six crater lakes (maximally 1.2–23.9 kyr old) and both great lakes in Nicaragua. We find that Midas cichlid populations in each lake have their own characteristic body shape. In lakes with multiple sympatric species of Midas cichlid, each species has a distinct body shape. Across the species complex, most body shape change relates to body depth, head, snout and mouth shape and caudal peduncle length. There is independent parallel evolution of an elongate limnetic species in at least two crater lakes. Mitochondrial genetic diversity is higher in crater lakes with multiple species. Midas cichlid species richness increases with the size and age of the crater lakes, though no such relationship exists for the other syntopic fishes. We suggest that crater lake Midas cichlids follow the predicted pattern of an adaptive radiation, with early divergence of each crater lake colonization, followed by intralacustrine diversification and speciation by ecological adaptation and sexual selection.

scholarly journals Parallel and non-parallel changes of the gut microbiota during trophic diversification in repeated young adaptive radiations of sympatric cichlid fish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Härer ◽  
Julián Torres-Dowdall ◽  
Sina Rometsch ◽  
Elizabeth Yohannes ◽  
Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Crater Lakes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Ecological Diversification ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Adaptive Radiations

AbstractRecent increases in understanding the ecological and evolutionary roles of microbial communities has underscored their importance for their hosts’ biology. Yet, little is known about gut microbiota dynamics during early stages of ecological diversification and speciation. We studied the gut microbiota of extremely young adaptive radiations of Nicaraguan crater lake cichlid fish (Amphilophus cf. citrinellus) to test the hypothesis that parallel evolution in trophic ecology is associated with parallel changes of the gut microbiota. Bacterial communities of the water (eDNA) and guts were highly distinct, indicating that the gut microbiota is shaped by host-specific factors. Across individuals of the same crater lake, differentiation in trophic ecology was associated with gut microbiota differentiation, suggesting that diet affects the gut microbiota. However, differences in trophic ecology were much more pronounced across than within species whereas little evidence was found for similar patterns in taxonomic and functional changes of the gut microbiota. Across the two crater lakes, we could not detect evidence for parallel changes of the gut microbiota associated with trophic ecology. Similar cases of non-parallelism have been observed in other recently diverged fish species and might be explained by a lack of clearly differentiated niches during early stages of ecological diversification.

scholarly journals Parallel evolution in Ugandan crater lakes: repeated evolution of limnetic body shapes in haplochromine cichlid fish

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino ◽  
Andreas F Kautt ◽  
Henrik Kusche ◽  
Axel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Crater Lakes ◽  
Haplochromine Cichlid ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Body Shapes

scholarly journals Application of the geometric morphometrics approach in the discrimination of morphological traits between brown trout lineages in the Danube Basin of Croatia

2021 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ivan Špelić ◽  
Andrea Rezić ◽  
Tamara Kanjuh ◽  
Ana Marić ◽  
Ivana Maguire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Significant Difference

Brown trout is a salmonid fish with a natural range extending throughout western Eurasia and North Africa. Due to its commercial value, it has also been introduced worldwide. In continental Croatia, introduced trout of the Atlantic lineage hybridizes with native trout of the Danubian lineage, threatening the native genetic diversity. The geometric morphometrics approach was used in this study to analyse changes in shape between native trout, introduced trout and their hybrids, classified a priori by molecular phylogenetic analyses. A total of 19 landmarks and semi-landmarks were used to capture the shape of 92 trout individuals belonging to two lineages and their hybrids. Canonical variate analysis and discriminant function analysis were used to analyse and describe shape variation. A significant difference was found between the shape of the Atlantic lineage trout and both Danubian lineage trout and hybrids, with the most prominent differences in body depth, head length and eye size. No statistically significant shape differences were observed between Danubian lineage trout and the hybrids. The observed significant differences in shape could be the result of genetic diversity or trout phenotypic plasticity. Further studies are needed to clarify the origin of this variation in shape.

Foraging tactic as a potential selection pressure influencing geographic differences in body shape among populations of dace (Phoxinus eos)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2178-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Anna Toline ◽  
Allan J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
Anterior Body ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Ambush Predation ◽  
Foraging Tactic

Geographic differences in body shape among 18 populations of northern redbelly dace in three regions of Ontario (Sudbury, Algonquin Provincial Park, and Kingston) were quantified with truss analysis. Principal component analysis of size-adjusted residuals of the trusses revealed that 35.11% of the morphological variation in body shape is explained on principal component I. This axis describes the major trend in body shape variation, ranging from populations in which fish are relatively deep-bodied to those in which fish are more shallow-bodied. Shape variation among populations in Algonquin Park spanned the range observed among all three regions in Ontario. Experiments were thus conducted on two Algonquin populations differing considerably in body shape, and it was found that deeper bodied fish from one population were significantly more adept at capturing evasive prey than were relatively shallow-bodied fish from another population. This finding is not only consistent with functional analysis of fish shape but also fits predictions from foraging theory. Fish catching plentiful but evasive prey should rely on ambush predation, and thus have a large body depth, which increases body area relative to mass, in order to optimize acceleration. Conversely, fish catching less evasive food occurring at low density should use a tactic of wide foraging, for which they need a streamlined anterior body suitable for cruising over extended periods of time. Samples from the natural population revealed that deep-bodied fish had a significantly greater number of evasive prey in their guts, and that the more shallow-bodied fish had relatively few. Furthermore, the pond in which the deeper bodied fish occurred had significantly higher prey density than the pond inhabited by the shallow-bodied fish. Because the Algonquin populations experience sufficient gene flow to prevent differentiation due to drift alone, the most likely explanation for population differentiation resides in selection on body shape for foraging tactic.

Learning body shape variation in physics-based characters

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungdam Won ◽  
Jehee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Shape Variation

Sex‐linked genetic diversity and differentiation in a globally distributed avian species complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew R. Schield ◽  
Elizabeth S.C. Scordato ◽  
Chris C.R. Smith ◽  
Javan K. Carter ◽  
Sidi Imad Cherkaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Globally Distributed

Ontogeny in the steinmanellines (Bivalvia: Trigoniida): an intra- and interspecific appraisal using the Early Cretaceous faunas from the Neuquén Basin as a case study

Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Pablo S. Milla Carmona ◽  
Dario G. Lazo ◽  
Ignacio M. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Ontogenetic Trajectories ◽  
Higher Genus ◽  
Gradual Decay

Abstract Despite the paleontological relevance and paleobiological interest of trigoniid bivalves, our knowledge of their ontogeny—an aspect of crucial evolutionary importance—remains limited. Here, we assess the intra- and interspecific ontogenetic variations exhibited by the genus Steinmanella Crickmay (Myophorellidae: Steinmanellinae) during the early Valanginian–late Hauterivian of Argentina and explore some of their implications. The (ontogenetic) allometric trajectories of seven species recognized for this interval were estimated from longitudinal data using 3D geometric morphometrics, segmented regressions, and model selection tools, and then compared using trajectory analysis and allometric spaces. Our results show that within-species shell shape variation describes biphasic ontogenetic trajectories, decoupled from ontogenetic changes shown by sculpture, with a gradual decay in magnitude as ontogeny progresses. The modes of change characterizing each phase (crescentic growth and anteroposterior elongation, respectively) are conserved across species, thus representing a feature of Steinmanella ontogeny; its evolutionary origin is inferred to be a consequence of the rate modification and allometric repatterning of the ancestral ontogeny. Among species, trajectories are more variable during early ontogenetic stages, becoming increasingly conservative at later stages. Trajectories’ general orientation allows recognition of two stratigraphically consecutive groups of species, hinting at a potentially higher genus-level diversity in the studied interval. In terms of functional morphology, juveniles had a morphology more suited for active burrowing than adults, whose features are associated with a sedentary lifestyle. The characteristic disparity of trigoniids could be related to the existence of an ontogenetic period of greater shell malleability betrayed by the presence of crescentic shape change.

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