scholarly journals Functional understanding of secondary cell wall cellulose synthases in Populus trichocarpa via the Cas9/gRNA‐induced gene knockouts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Xu ◽  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Siran Zhu ◽  
Jiyao Cheng ◽  
Huanhuan Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Functional Understanding ◽  
Gene Knockouts ◽  
Cellulose Synthases

scholarly journals Functional Characterisation of the Poplar Atypical Aspartic Protease Gene PtAP66 in Wood Secondary Cell Wall Deposition

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Shenquan Cao ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Ji ◽  
Mengjie Guo ◽  
Jiyao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Functional Characterisation

Secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition is an important process during wood formation. Although aspartic proteases (APs) have been reported to have regulatory roles in herbaceous plants, the involvement of atypical APs in SCW deposition in trees has not been reported. In this study, we characterised the Populus trichocarpa atypical AP gene PtAP66, which is involved in wood SCW deposition. Transcriptome data from the AspWood resource showed that in the secondary xylem of P. trichocarpa, PtAP66 transcripts increased from the vascular cambium to the xylem cell expansion region and maintained high levels in the SCW formation region. Fluorescent signals from transgenic Arabidopsis plant roots and transiently transformed P. trichocarpa leaf protoplasts strongly suggested that the PtAP66-fused fluorescent protein (PtAP66-GFP or PtAP66-YFP) localised in the plasma membrane. Compared with the wild-type plants, the Cas9/gRNA-induced PtAP66 mutants exhibited reduced SCW thickness of secondary xylem fibres, as suggested by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. In addition, wood composition assays revealed that the cellulose content in the mutants decreased by 4.90–5.57%. Transcription analysis further showed that a loss of PtAP66 downregulated the expression of several SCW synthesis-related genes, including cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis enzyme-encoding genes. Altogether, these findings indicate that atypical PtAP66 plays an important role in SCW deposition during wood formation.

PtrHAT22, as a higher hierarchy regulator, coordinately regulates secondary cell wall component biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa

Plant Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111170
Author(s):  
Mengxuan Ren ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Yingying Liu ◽  
Meiliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Cell Wall Component

Cellulosic fibres of flax recruit both primary and secondary cell wall cellulose synthases during deposition of thick tertiary cell walls and in the course of graviresponse

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Mokshina ◽  
Oleg Gorshkov ◽  
Nadezda Ibragimova ◽  
Tatyana Chernova ◽  
Tatyana Gorshkova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Cellulose Synthases ◽  
Cellulosic Fibres ◽  
Coexpression Networks ◽  
Cesa Genes

Cellulose synthesising complex consists of cellulose synthase (CESA) subunits encoded by a multigene family; different sets of CESA genes are known to be expressed during primary and secondary cell wall formation. We examined the expression of LusCESAs in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cellulosic fibres at various stages of development and in the course of graviresponse by means of RNA-Seq and quantitative PCR. Transcripts for both primary and secondary cell wall-related CESAs were abundant in fibres depositing highly cellulosic tertiary cell walls. Gravistimulation of flax plants temporally increased the abundance of CESA transcripts, specifically in phloem fibres located at the pulling stem side. Construction of coexpression networks for LusCESAs revealed that both primary and secondary cell wall-related CESAs were involved in the joint coexpression group in fibres depositing tertiary cell walls, as distinct from other tissues, where these genes were within separate groups. The obtained data suggest that fibres depositing tertiary cell walls have a specific mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis and a specific way of its regulation.

scholarly journals Impairment of Cellulose Synthases Required for Arabidopsis Secondary Cell Wall Formation Enhances Disease Resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 890-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Hernández-Blanco ◽  
Dong Xin Feng ◽  
Jian Hu ◽  
Andrea Sánchez-Vallet ◽  
Laurent Deslandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Cellulose Synthases

scholarly journals Interactions between membrane-bound cellulose synthases involved in the synthesis of the secondary cell wall

FEBS Letters ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 583 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Timmers ◽  
Samantha Vernhettes ◽  
Thierry Desprez ◽  
Jean-Paul Vincken ◽  
Richard G.F. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Cellulose Synthases

The R2R3 MYB transcription factor MYB189 negatively regulates secondary cell wall biosynthesis in Populus

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1187-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jiao ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Wanxiang Lu ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Keming Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Xylem Fibers ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis during wood formation in trees is controlled by a multilevel regulatory network that coordinates the expression of substantial genes. However, few transcription factors involved in the negative regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis have been characterized in tree species. In this study, we isolated an R2R3 MYB transcription factor MYB189 from Populus trichocarpa, which is expressed predominantly in secondary vascular tissues, especially in the xylem. A novel repression motif was identified in the C-terminal region of MYB189, which indicates this factor was a transcriptional repressor. Overexpression (OE) of MYB189 in Arabidopsis and poplar resulted in a significant reduction in the contents of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses. Vascular development in stems of MYB189 OE lines was markedly inhibited, leading to a dramatic decrease in SCW thickness of xylem fibers. Gene expression analyses showed that most of the structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose and xylans were significantly downregulated in MYB189-overexpressing poplars compared with the wild-type control. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and transient expression assays revealed that MYB189 could directly bind to the promoters of secondary wall biosynthetic genes to repress their expression. Together, these data suggest that MYB189 acts as a repressor to regulate SCW biosynthesis in poplar.

scholarly journals MYB Transcription Factors and Its Regulation in Secondary Cell Wall Formation and Lignin Biosynthesis during Xylem Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Ruixue Xiao ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Xiaorui Guo ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Hai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Myb Transcription Factors ◽  
Wall Formation

The secondary wall is the main part of wood and is composed of cellulose, xylan, lignin, and small amounts of structural proteins and enzymes. Lignin molecules can interact directly or indirectly with cellulose, xylan and other polysaccharide molecules in the cell wall, increasing the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of plant cells and tissues and facilitating the long-distance transportation of water in plants. MYBs (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) belong to one of the largest superfamilies of transcription factors, the members of which regulate secondary cell-wall formation by promoting/inhibiting the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, and xylan. Among them, MYB46 and MYB83, which comprise the second layer of the main switch of secondary cell-wall biosynthesis, coordinate upstream and downstream secondary wall synthesis-related transcription factors. In addition, MYB transcription factors other than MYB46/83, as well as noncoding RNAs, hormones, and other factors, interact with one another to regulate the biosynthesis of the secondary wall. Here, we discuss the biosynthesis of secondary wall, classification and functions of MYB transcription factors and their regulation of lignin polymerization and secondary cell-wall formation during wood formation.

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