scholarly journals Factors affecting prolonged length of stay in psychiatric patients in Japan: A retrospective observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 542-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Shinjo ◽  
Hisateru Tachimori ◽  
Keiko Sakurai ◽  
Tetsu Ohnuma ◽  
Kenji Fujimori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prolonged Length

scholarly journals Invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumococcal pneumonia and all-cause pneumonia in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding 5 years: a retrospective observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e055575
Author(s):  
King-Pui Florence Chan ◽  
Ting-Fung Ma ◽  
Mary Sau-Man Ip ◽  
Pak-Leung Ho
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

ObjectivesTo compare the incidence and severity of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs), pneumococcal pneumonia and all-cause pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic period with universal masking and social distancing with that of previous 5 years.DesignRetrospective observational study on incidence of IPDs, pneumococcal pneumonia and all-cause pneumonia between January 2015–December 2019 and March 2020–March 2021. January–February 2020 was excluded from analysis as it was treated as a transitional period between normal time and pandemic.SettingEpisode-based data by retrieval of hospitalisation records from the Hospital Authority’s territory-wide electronic medical record database in Hong Kong.ParticipantsHospitalised patients with IPD (n=742), pneumococcal pneumonia (n=2163) and all-cause pneumonia (including COVID-19 pneumonia, n=453 999) aged 18 years or above. Control diagnoses were included to assess confounding from health-seeking behaviours.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcome is the incidence of diseases between two periods. Secondary outcomes include disease severity surrogated by length of stay and mortality.ResultsMonthly average number of IPD, pneumococcal pneumonia and all-cause pneumonia hospitalisation significantly decreased by 88.9% (95% CI 79.8% to 98.0%, p<0.0005), 72.5% (95% CI 65.9% to 79.1%, p<0.0005) and 17.5% (95% CI 16.8% to 18.2%, p<0.0005), respectively. Changes in trend from January 2015–December 2019 to March 2020–March 2021 were −70% (95% CI −87% to −35%, p=0.0025), –43% (95% CI −59% to −19%, p=0.0014) and −11% (95% CI −13% to −10%, p<0.0005), respectively. Length of stay for IPD and pneumococcal pneumonia episodes were insignificantly different in the two periods. No reductions in hospitalisations for control diagnoses were observed.ConclusionsIncidence of IPD, pneumococcal pneumonia and all-cause pneumonia decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was observed with universal masking and social distancing. We postulated this is related to reduced transmission of respiratory viruses and bacteria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of unmodifiable and potentially modifiable factors affecting peripheral intravenous device-related complications in neonates: a retrospective observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e047788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus F P T van Rens ◽  
Kevin Hugill ◽  
Mohamad A Mahmah ◽  
Mohammad Bayoumi ◽  
Airene L V Francia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Intravenous Therapy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intravenous Access ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Access

ObjectivesInfants in neonatal units benefit from dependable peripheral intravenous access. However, peripheral intravenous access exposes infants to high rates of clinically minor and serious complications. Despite this, little is known about the interplay of risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and evaluate the interactions of risk factors on the occurrence of peripheral intravenous complications in a neonatal population.DesignThis was a retrospective observational study.SettingThe study was performed on the neonatal intensive care unit of the Women’s Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar, as a single-site study.ParticipantsThis study included 12 978 neonates who required intravenous therapy.Outcome measurementsThe main outcome was the occurrence of any peripheral intravenous cannulation failure, leading to unplanned removal of the device before completion of the intended intravenous therapy.ResultsA mean dwell time of 36±28 hours was recorded in participants with no complications, whereas the mean dwell time was 31±23 hours in participants with an indication for premature removal of the peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) (p<0.001, t=11.35). Unplanned removal occurred in 59% of cases; the overall complication rate was 18 per 1000 catheter days. Unmodifiable factors affecting PIVC dwell time include lower birth (HR=0.23, 0.20 to 0.28, p<0.001) and current body weight (HR=1.06, 1.03 to 1.10, p=0.018). Cannulation site (HR=1.23, 1.16 to 1.30, p<0.001), the inserted device (HR=0.89, 0.84 to 0.94, p<0.001) and the indication for intravenous treatment (HR=0.76, 0.73 to 0.79, p<0.001) were modifiable factors.ConclusionMost infants experienced a vascular access-related complication. Given the high complication rate, PIVCs should be used judiciously and thought given prior to their use as to whether alternate means of intravenous access might be more appropriate.

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