Changes in biochemistry and cellular ultrastructure support different resistance mechanisms to Phytophthora sojae in nonhost common bean and host soybean

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqi Bi ◽  
Guangmei Song ◽  
Han Yu ◽  
Zhuoqun Zhang ◽  
Haixu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Cellular Ultrastructure

Maize and common bean seed exudates mediate part of nonhost resistance to Phytophthora sojae prior to infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoqun Zhang ◽  
Yifan Zhao ◽  
Tai An ◽  
Han Yu ◽  
Xiangqi Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Nonhost Resistance ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Assay Chamber

Phytophthora sojae does not infect nonhost maize (Zea mays) but infects nonhost common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under inoculation. Soybean seed exudates participate in mediating host resistance to P. sojae prior to infection. This study aims to elucidate the role of seed exudates in mediating the nonhost resistance to P. sojae prior to infection. The behaviors of P. sojae zoospores in response to the seed exudates were determined using an assay chamber and a concave slide. The proteomes of P. sojae zoospores in response to the seed exudates were analyzed with the tandem mass tag (TMT) method. The key proteins were quantitatively verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Maize seed exudates exerted a repellent effect on zoospores. This result explains why zoospores sense repelling signaling molecules that weaken and strongly inhibit chemotaxis signals in the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Common bean seed exudates did not exhibit any attraction to the zoospores because the G protein signaling pathway, had no significant change. The proteins protecting the cell membrane structure were significantly downregulated, and the early apoptosis signal glutathione was enhanced in zoospores responding to common bean seed exudates, which resulted in dissolution of the cysts. Maize and common bean seed exudates mediate part of the nonhost resistance to P. sojae via different mechanisms prior to infection. The immunity of maize to P. sojae is due to the repellent effect of maize seed exudates on zoospores. Common bean seed exudates participate in mediating nonhost resistance by dissolving cysts.

scholarly journals Involvement of nonhost resistance genes in disease resistance plausible for future crop improvement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eram Sultan ◽  
Kalpana Dalei ◽  
Prashant Singh ◽  
Binod Bihari Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Nonhost Resistance ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Disease Resistant

A plant species is infected by handful of pathogenic organism despite the fact that it is constantly exposed to innumerable pathogens. The chemical anti-bio agents exploited against these pathogens were harmful to environment and human health as well. So the only alternative way is to grow disease resistant varieties of crops by introducing resistant (R) genes. However, new pathogenic races evolve constantly and are notorious for their ability to withstand race specific resistance mediated by R-genes . Plants deploy robust, broad-spectrum and durable resistance mechanisms called nonhost resistance (NHR) against most pathogenic organisms. Such disease resistance mechanisms are nonspecific and effective against all nonhost or non-adaptive pathogens. The NHR defence response includes production of phytoalexins and other antimicrobial compounds, hypersensitive response by rapid localized cell death, deposition of callose and expression of pathogenesis related genes at the site of infection that restricts further growth of pathogen. Although NHR has immense potential to improve crop production in agriculture, very little is known about the mechanism of NHR and its genetic pathways at molecular level. Detail knowledge about the NHR genes from a nonhost plant and engineering the NHR gene into the host plant will be helpful in making broad-spectrum and durable disease resistant crops. In this mini review, we report the list of NHR genes and their function against various phytopathogens. We further report a method to identify or map putative NHR gene/s in Arabidopsis against soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae nonhost with a goal to improve disease resistance in crop species.

Maize and Common Bean Seed Exudates Mediate Part of Nonhost Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae before Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoqun Zhang ◽  
Yifan Zhao ◽  
Tai An ◽  
Han Yu ◽  
Xiangqi Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Nonhost Resistance ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Assay Chamber ◽  
Acid Pathway

Abstract Purpose: Phytophthora sojae does not infect the nonhost maize (Zea mays L.) but could infect the nonhost common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Soybean seed exudates participate in mediating host resistance to P. sojae before infection. This study aimed to elucidate the role of nonhost seed exudates in mediating nonhost resistance to P. sojae before infection. Methods: The response behavior of P. sojae zoospores to the seed exudates was determined using an assay chamber and a concave slide, and the proteomes of P. sojae zoospores treated with the seed exudates were analysed with the tandem mass tag (TMT) method. The key proteins were quantified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM).Results: Maize seed exudates exerted a repellent effect on zoospores, whereas common bean seed exudates did not exhibit any attraction to zoospores but could dissolve the cysts. The key proteins related to zoospores chemotaxis showed no significant changes in response to maize seed exudates, but the key proteins in arachidonic acid pathway were downregulated and controlled the repellent behavior of zoospores. Proteins protecting the cell membrane structure were significantly downregulated in zoospores responding to common bean seed exudates, which confirmed the bacteriolytic effect of common bean seed exudates on cysts. Conclusion: Maize and common bean seed exudates mediate part of the nonhost resistance via different mechanisms prior to P. sojae infection. The immune of maize to P. sojae is due to the repellent effect of maize seed exudates on zoospores. Common bean seed exudates participate in mediating nonhost resistance by dissolving cysts.

scholarly journals Involvement of nonhost resistance genes in disease resistance plausible for future crop improvement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eram Sultan ◽  
Kalpana Dalei ◽  
Prashant Singh ◽  
Binod Bihari Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Nonhost Resistance ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Disease Resistant

A plant species is infected by handful of pathogenic organism despite the fact that it is constantly exposed to innumerable pathogens. The chemical anti-bio agents exploited against these pathogens were harmful to environment and human health as well. So the only alternative way is to grow disease resistant varieties of crops by introducing resistant (R) genes. However, new pathogenic races evolve constantly and are notorious for their ability to withstand race specific resistance mediated by R-genes . Plants deploy robust, broad-spectrum and durable resistance mechanisms called nonhost resistance (NHR) against most pathogenic organisms. Such disease resistance mechanisms are nonspecific and effective against all nonhost or non-adaptive pathogens. The NHR defence response includes production of phytoalexins and other antimicrobial compounds, hypersensitive response by rapid localized cell death, deposition of callose and expression of pathogenesis related genes at the site of infection that restricts further growth of pathogen. Although NHR has immense potential to improve crop production in agriculture, very little is known about the mechanism of NHR and its genetic pathways at molecular level. Detail knowledge about the NHR genes from a nonhost plant and engineering the NHR gene into the host plant will be helpful in making broad-spectrum and durable disease resistant crops. In this mini review, we report the list of NHR genes and their function against various phytopathogens. We further report a method to identify or map putative NHR gene/s in Arabidopsis against soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae nonhost with a goal to improve disease resistance in crop species.

Phytophthora sojae zoospores differ in chemotaxis to the root and root exudates of host soybean and nonhost common bean

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoqun Zhang ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Guangmei Song ◽  
Xinying Gao ◽  
Yuqi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae

Effects of hydroponic culture system and NaCl on interactions between common bean lines and native rhizobia from Tunisian soils

Agronomie ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Jebara ◽  
Jean-Jacques Drevon ◽  
Mohamed Elarbi Aouani
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Hydroponic Culture

Resistance mechanisms ofPrunusrootstocks to root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita

Fruits ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Ye ◽  
Wen-jun Wang ◽  
Guo-jie Liu ◽  
Li-xin Zhu ◽  
Ke-gong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Root Knot Nematode

Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance Among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in a Tertiary Care Centre in North India

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Javaid Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Shariq Rashid Masoodi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
North India ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance

Apropos to the article by Dr Bali, titled “Mupirocin resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care centre of North India” (1), the authors have raised important issue of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society. As per WHO, AMR lurks the effective prevention and management of an ever-increasing spectrum of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses. Novel resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, threatening the man’s ability to treat common infectious diseases.

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