Maize and common bean seed exudates mediate part of nonhost resistance to Phytophthora sojae prior to infection

Phytophthora sojae does not infect nonhost maize (Zea mays) but infects nonhost common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under inoculation. Soybean seed exudates participate in mediating host resistance to P. sojae prior to infection. This study aims to elucidate the role of seed exudates in mediating the nonhost resistance to P. sojae prior to infection. The behaviors of P. sojae zoospores in response to the seed exudates were determined using an assay chamber and a concave slide. The proteomes of P. sojae zoospores in response to the seed exudates were analyzed with the tandem mass tag (TMT) method. The key proteins were quantitatively verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Maize seed exudates exerted a repellent effect on zoospores. This result explains why zoospores sense repelling signaling molecules that weaken and strongly inhibit chemotaxis signals in the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Common bean seed exudates did not exhibit any attraction to the zoospores because the G protein signaling pathway, had no significant change. The proteins protecting the cell membrane structure were significantly downregulated, and the early apoptosis signal glutathione was enhanced in zoospores responding to common bean seed exudates, which resulted in dissolution of the cysts. Maize and common bean seed exudates mediate part of the nonhost resistance to P. sojae via different mechanisms prior to infection. The immunity of maize to P. sojae is due to the repellent effect of maize seed exudates on zoospores. Common bean seed exudates participate in mediating nonhost resistance by dissolving cysts.

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Maize and Common Bean Seed Exudates Mediate Part of Nonhost Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae before Infection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-190759/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhuoqun Zhang ◽

Yifan Zhao ◽

Tai An ◽

Han Yu ◽

Xiangqi Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Phytophthora Sojae ◽

Nonhost Resistance ◽

Bean Seed ◽

Repellent Effect ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Tandem Mass Tag ◽

Assay Chamber ◽

Acid Pathway

Abstract Purpose: Phytophthora sojae does not infect the nonhost maize (Zea mays L.) but could infect the nonhost common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Soybean seed exudates participate in mediating host resistance to P. sojae before infection. This study aimed to elucidate the role of nonhost seed exudates in mediating nonhost resistance to P. sojae before infection. Methods: The response behavior of P. sojae zoospores to the seed exudates was determined using an assay chamber and a concave slide, and the proteomes of P. sojae zoospores treated with the seed exudates were analysed with the tandem mass tag (TMT) method. The key proteins were quantified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM).Results: Maize seed exudates exerted a repellent effect on zoospores, whereas common bean seed exudates did not exhibit any attraction to zoospores but could dissolve the cysts. The key proteins related to zoospores chemotaxis showed no significant changes in response to maize seed exudates, but the key proteins in arachidonic acid pathway were downregulated and controlled the repellent behavior of zoospores. Proteins protecting the cell membrane structure were significantly downregulated in zoospores responding to common bean seed exudates, which confirmed the bacteriolytic effect of common bean seed exudates on cysts. Conclusion: Maize and common bean seed exudates mediate part of the nonhost resistance via different mechanisms prior to P. sojae infection. The immune of maize to P. sojae is due to the repellent effect of maize seed exudates on zoospores. Common bean seed exudates participate in mediating nonhost resistance by dissolving cysts.

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Combination of developmental behaviors and transcriptome reveals differential response mechanisms of Phytophthora sojae to aspartic acid and glucose in seed exudates

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-08-21-0332-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinying Gao ◽

Haixu Liu ◽

Han Yu ◽

Zhuoqun Zhang ◽

Xiangqi Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

G Protein ◽

Aspartic Acid ◽

Root Exudates ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Phytophthora Sojae ◽

Signal Molecules ◽

Protein Signaling

Isoflavones in soybean seed and root exudates are host specific signal molecules for Phytophthora sojae to recognize host soybean. G protein and calcium signaling pathway are involved in the chemotaxis of zoospores in the recognition of isoflavones. To investigate the role of host non-specific signaling molecules (sugars and amino acids) in seed and root exudates in zoospore chemotaxis and mycelial growth, the transcriptome of P. sojae responding to aspartic acid (Asp) and glucose (Glc) was analyzed by RNA-seq method. We found that the relative in situ concentrations of amino acids and sugars significantly promoted zoospore chemotaxis, as do isoflavones. Transcriptomics showed that both similarity and difference existed in response mechanisms of P. sojae to Asp and Glc. Asp and Glc activated MAPK signaling pathway and phosphatidylinositol signaling system but not G-protein signaling pathway, which have been reported to be responsible for zoospore chemotaxis. In addition, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and ABC transporters were also activated by Asp and Glc. Meanwhile, glutathione signaling pathway uniquely participated in the response of P. sojae to Asp but not involved in the response process to Glc, which is waiting for further study. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of zoospore response to Asp and Glc.

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Pengaruh Ekstrak Berbagai Bagian Dari Tanaman Swietenia mahagoni Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Kacang Hijau Dan Jagung

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v4i2.206 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Stela Wusono ◽

John M Matinahoru ◽

CMA Watimena

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Green Bean ◽

Bean Seed ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Green Beans ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Swietenia Mahagoni

Swietenia mahagoni is a timber forestry plants have allelopathy toxic, can interfere with the growth of surrounding plants. This study aimed to determine the effects of extracts from various parts of Swietenia mahagoni on seed germination of green beans and corn. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Silviculture, an extract from a litter, fresh leaves, bark and roots of the Swietenia mahagoni plant and given to the seed germination green beans and corn. The results showed that the extract of fresh leaves and roots Swietenia mahagoni inhibit seed germination green beans and corn, while the provision of litter no effect. Green bean seed has a higher durability of the maize seed to allelopathy of root Swietenia mahagoni.

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Common bean seed vigor affecting crop grain yield

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v38n4166814 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 365-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vitor Henrique Vaz Mondo ◽

Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽

Manoel Oliveira Cardoso Neto

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Research Work ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Bean Seed ◽

Crop Establishment ◽

Randomized Block Design

Abstract: Among the factors that affect seedling emergence and crop establishment are seed germination and vigor, which has an important influence on the establishment of the initial plant population and development, and may affect crop yield. Based on this background the objective of this research work was to evaluate the effects of seed vigor of common bean seed lots and its effects on crop grain yield. The treatments consisted of six seed lots of common bean, which were composed by different combinations of high and low vigor seeds. Seed lots were assessed by germination and vigor tests (first count of germination, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging). A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with plots of six lines of five meters and were evaluated for grain yield at harvest. It was concluded that seed vigor affects common bean grain yield; the use of low vigor seeds results in grain yield reductions of up to 20%.

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Sagittaria sagittifolia polysaccharide interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 ◽

pp. 110806

Author(s):

Xinqi Deng ◽

Xiuhui Ke ◽

Yibo Tang ◽

Weizao Luo ◽

Ruijuan Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Sagittaria Sagittifolia ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Experimental Chronic Inflammatory Pain by Inhibiting Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel-Mediated Inflammation

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/7061972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jie Zhou ◽

Ying Jin ◽

Ruijie Ma ◽

Hongyun Song ◽

Qin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Inflammatory Pain ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Bioinformatics Analyses ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Pain ◽

Gated Channel ◽

Pathway Analyses

Background. Both experimental and clinical studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) administration ameliorates chronic inflammatory pain (CIP). However, the multifaceted mechanism underlying the effects of EA on CIP is poorly understood. In this study, the mRNA transcriptome was used to study various therapeutic targets of EA. Methods. Using RNA-sequencing, protein-coding mRNA expression profiles of the L4-L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were examined in the control (CN), complete Freund’s adjuvant- (CFA-) induced CIP, and EA-treated CIP groups. A series of bioinformatics analyses was performed; “EA-reversed upregulated genes with CIP” (up-DEGs) and “EA-reversed downregulated genes with CIP” (down-DEGs) were identified. Thereafter, based on up-DEGs and down-DEGs, biological functions and signaling pathways were enriched using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Results. In total, 189 DEGs were identified, including 134 up- and 55 down-DEGs, which were enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism (rno00590), glutamatergic synapse (rno04724), serotonergic synapse (rno04726), FoxO signaling pathway (rno04068), insulin signaling pathway (rno04910), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (rno05014), cholinergic synapse (rno04725), ECM-receptor interaction (rno04512), and choline metabolism in cancer (rno05231). Conclusion. We identified a few GOs, pathways, and genes that could play key roles in the amelioration of CIP by EA. Hence, this study may provide a theoretical basis for CIP amelioration by EA.

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