scholarly journals Threat imminence modulates neural gain in attention and motor relevant brain circuits in humans

2022 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Neural Gain

Alcohol Dependence Conceptualized as a Stress Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-220
Author(s):  
Leandro F. Vendruscolo ◽  
George F. Koob
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Negative Emotional State ◽  
Alcohol Alcohol

Alcohol use disorder is a chronically relapsing disorder that involves (1) compulsivity to seek and take alcohol, (2) difficulty in limiting alcohol intake, and (3) emergence of a negative emotional state (e.g., dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) in the absence of alcohol. Alcohol addiction encompasses a three-stage cycle that becomes more intense as alcohol use progresses: binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. These stages engage neuroadaptations in brain circuits that involve the basal ganglia (reward hypofunction), extended amygdala (stress sensitization), and prefrontal cortex (executive function disorder). This chapter discusses key neuroadaptations in the hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic stress systems and the critical role of glucocorticoid receptors. These neuroadaptations contribute to negative emotional states that powerfully drive compulsive alcohol drinking and seeking. These changes in association with a disruption of prefrontal cortex function that lead to cognitive deficits and poor decision making contribute to the chronic relapsing nature of alcohol dependence.

scholarly journals Effects of affective content and motivational context on neural gain functions during naturalistic scene perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna‐Lena Tebbe ◽  
Wendel M. Friedl ◽  
Georg W. Alpers ◽  
Andreas Keil
Keyword(s):  
Scene Perception ◽  
Affective Content ◽  
Neural Gain

scholarly journals The FXG: A Presynaptic Fragile X Granule Expressed in a Subset of Developing Brain Circuits

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1514-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Christie ◽  
M. R. Akins ◽  
J. E. Schwob ◽  
J. R. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Brain Circuits

Same Brain Circuits Linked With Psychosis in Two Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Joan Arehart-Treichel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Circuits

Intermittent Low-level Noise Causes Negative Neural Gain in the Inferior Colliculus

Neuroscience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 407 ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Sheppard ◽  
Xiaopeng Liu ◽  
Anaam Alkharabsheh ◽  
Guang-Di Chen ◽  
Richard Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Neural Gain
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