First isolation of foot and mouth disease virus from wild boars in the Middle East

The genome sequences of two foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses isolated from outbreaks of disease in cattle in Pakistan in 2019 are described. They were identified as belonging to serotype O, Middle East-South Asia topotype, Ind-2001 lineage, and e sublineage and represent the first identification of this lineage in Pakistan.

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Recent Spread of a New Strain (A-Iran-05) of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type A in the Middle East

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01074.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 157-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

N. J. Knowles ◽

M. H. Nazem Shirazi ◽

J. Wadsworth ◽

K. G. Swabey ◽

J. M. Stirling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Virus Type ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Type A ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Disease Virus Type

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Serological and biochemical analysis of some recent type a foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from the Middle East

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800029447 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 577-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. R. Samuel ◽

N. J. Knowles ◽

R. P. Kitching

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Virus Strain ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Saudi Arabian ◽

Type A ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Virus Isolates

SUMMARYIn 1986 and 1987 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A was isolated from outbreaks of disease in Saudi Arabia and Iran. Selected virus isolates were antigenically distinct from the prototype A22virus strain (A22/Iraq/64), but were serologically related to each other. However, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that whilst the respective Saudi Arabian structural polypeptides were homogeneous, those from an Iran isolate were distinct. Direct sequencing of part of the P-1D (VP1) gene demonstrated considerable difference in nucleotide homology between the two groups of viruses; the Saudi Arabian viruses were closely related to each other but only distantly related to both the A22prototype virus strain and the Iranian virus isolate. The latter viruses were only slightly more closely related to each other. Thus there appeared to be at least two distinct FMDV type A variants co-circulating in the Middle East, both of which differed considerably from the classical A22subtype.

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Reconstructing Geographical Movements and Host Species Transitions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 2

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00591-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Matthew D. Hall ◽

Nick J. Knowles ◽

Jemma Wadsworth ◽

Andrew Rambaut ◽

Mark E. J. Woolhouse

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Disease Virus ◽

North Africa ◽

Host Species ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Sub Saharan

ABSTRACT Of the three foot-and-mouth-disease virus SAT serotypes mainly confined to sub-Saharan Africa, SAT 2 is the strain most often recorded in domestic animals and has caused outbreaks in North Africa and the Middle East six times in the last 25 years, with three apparently separate events occurring in 2012. This study updates the picture of SAT 2 phylogenetics by using all available sequences for the VP1 section of the genome available at the time of writing and uses phylogeographic methods to trace the origin of all outbreaks occurring north of the Sahara since 1990 and identify patterns of spread among countries of endemicity. Transitions between different host species are also enumerated. Outbreaks in North Africa appear to have origins in countries immediately south of the Sahara, whereas those in the Middle East are more often from East Africa. The results of the analysis of spread within sub-Saharan Africa are consistent with it being driven by relatively short-distance movements of animals across national borders, and the analysis of host species transitions supports the role of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as an important natural reservoir. IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease virus is a livestock pathogen of major economic importance, with seven distinct serotypes occurring globally. The SAT 2 serotype, endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, has caused a number of outbreaks in North Africa and the Middle East during the last decades, including three separate incidents in 2012. A comprehensive analysis of all available RNA sequences for SAT 2 has not been published for some years. In this work, we performed this analysis using all previously published sequences and 49 newly determined examples. We also used phylogenetic methods to infer the source country for all outbreaks occurring outside sub-Saharan Africa since 1990 and to reconstruct the spread of viral lineages between countries where it is endemic and movements between different host species.

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High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082741 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 376-377

Author(s):

S. S. Breese ◽

H. L. Bachrach

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Resolution ◽

Surface Structure ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

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