scholarly journals Overexpression ofSbMyb60impacts phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and alters secondary cell wall composition inSorghum bicolor

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin D. Scully ◽  
Tammy Gries ◽  
Gautam Sarath ◽  
Nathan A. Palmer ◽  
Lisa Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Secondary cell wall composition and candidate gene expression in developing willow (Salix purpurea) stems

Planta ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfang Wan ◽  
Cristina Gritsch ◽  
Theodora Tryfona ◽  
Mike J. Ray ◽  
Ambrose Andongabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Salix Purpurea

GELATINOUS FIBRES ARE NOT PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO INDUCED STRESSES IN EPHEDRA

IAWA Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Monica M. Montes ◽  
Frank W. Ewers ◽  
Edward G. Bobich
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Downward Displacement ◽  
Induced Stresses ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Shrubby Species

Gelatinous fibres (g-fibres) differ from most fibres in that the innermost layer of their secondary cell wall is rich in cellulose and poor in lignin. G-fibres are often produced in response to gravitational and mechanical stresses in the roots, stems, and leaves of angiosperms, with their main function being the reorientation or contraction of these organs. G-fibres also occur in the three genera (Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia) of the Gnetales, making them the only known gymnosperms with g-fibres in their shoots. The shrubby species E. aspera and E. viridis were studied to determine the function and cues for production of g-fibres in the genus. It was hypothesized that E. aspera and E. viridis would produce g-fibres as a response to gravitational and internal stresses due to downward displacement (bending). Total number of g-fibres and number of g-fibres per area did not differ between displaced and untreated (control) stems of E. aspera. For the younger stems of E. viridis, control stems had more g-fibres than displaced stems, indicating that the production of additional g-fibres in control stems may be a response to wind or other perturbations. For both species, the oldest stems studied had the lowest g-fibre frequency, suggesting that little to no new g-fibres were produced as the stems aged, regardless of treatment. Furthermore, there were no other indications of reaction anatomy (asymmetry of phloem, compression wood, etc.) for E. aspera or E. viridis. These results and the cell wall composition of the fibres, especially those in the cortex, call into question whether the fibres of shrubby Ephedra are typical g-fibres.

scholarly journals Biomass formation and sugar release efficiency of Populus modified by altered expression of a NAC transcription factor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja S Payyavula ◽  
Raghuram Badmi ◽  
Sara S Jawdy ◽  
Miguel Rodriguez ◽  
Lee Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Cell Wall Chemistry ◽  
Transgenic Manipulation

Woody biomass is an important feedstock for biofuel production. Manipulation of wood properties that enable efficient conversion of biomass to biofuel reduces cost of biofuel production. Wood cell wall composition is regulated at several levels that involve expression of transcription factors such as wood-/secondary cell wall- associated NAC domains (WND or SND). In Arabidopsis thaliana, SND1 regulates cell wall composition through activation of its down-stream targets such as MYBs. The functional aspects of SND1 homologs in the woody Populus have been studied through transgenic manipulation. In this study, we investigated the role of PdWND1B, Populus SND1 sequence ortholog, in wood formation using transgenic manipulation through over-expression or silencing under the control of a vascular-specific 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) promoter. As compared to control plants, PdWND1B-RNAi plants were shorter in height, with significantly reduced stem diameter and dry biomass, whereas there were no significant differences in growth and productivity of PdWND1B over-expression plants. Conversely, PdWND1B over-expression lines showed a significant reduction in cellulose and increase in lignin content, whereas there was no significant impact on lignin content of down-regulated lines. Stem carbohydrate composition analysis revealed a decrease in glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose, but an increase in xylose in the over-expression lines. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of several downstream transcription factors and secondary cell wall related structural genes in the PdWND1B over-expression lines that corresponded to significant phenotypic changes in cell wall chemistry observed in PdWND1B overexpression lines. Relative to the control, glucose release and ethanol production from stem biomass was significantly reduced in over-expression lines but appeared enhanced in the RNAi lines. Our results show that PdWND1B is an important factor determining biomass productivity, cell wall chemistry and its conversion to biofuels in Populus.

scholarly journals Lignin biosynthesis perturbations affect secondary cell wall composition and saccharification yield in Arabidopsis thaliana

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Van Acker ◽  
Ruben Vanholme ◽  
Véronique Storme ◽  
Jennifer C Mortimer ◽  
Paul Dupree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Saccharification Yield

scholarly journals Internode structure and cell wall composition in maturing tillers of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum. L)

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (16) ◽  
pp. 2985-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Sarath ◽  
Lisa M. Baird ◽  
Kenneth P. Vogel ◽  
Robert B. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

scholarly journals MYB Transcription Factors and Its Regulation in Secondary Cell Wall Formation and Lignin Biosynthesis during Xylem Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Ruixue Xiao ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Xiaorui Guo ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Hai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Myb Transcription Factors ◽  
Wall Formation

The secondary wall is the main part of wood and is composed of cellulose, xylan, lignin, and small amounts of structural proteins and enzymes. Lignin molecules can interact directly or indirectly with cellulose, xylan and other polysaccharide molecules in the cell wall, increasing the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of plant cells and tissues and facilitating the long-distance transportation of water in plants. MYBs (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) belong to one of the largest superfamilies of transcription factors, the members of which regulate secondary cell-wall formation by promoting/inhibiting the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, and xylan. Among them, MYB46 and MYB83, which comprise the second layer of the main switch of secondary cell-wall biosynthesis, coordinate upstream and downstream secondary wall synthesis-related transcription factors. In addition, MYB transcription factors other than MYB46/83, as well as noncoding RNAs, hormones, and other factors, interact with one another to regulate the biosynthesis of the secondary wall. Here, we discuss the biosynthesis of secondary wall, classification and functions of MYB transcription factors and their regulation of lignin polymerization and secondary cell-wall formation during wood formation.

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