SHORT‐ROOT 1 is critical to cell division and tracheary element development in rice roots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadi Xing ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Tianquan Zhang ◽  
Qiuli Zhang ◽  
Dan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Rice Roots

AnArabidopsis short root and dwarfism mutant defines a novel locus that mediates both cell division and elongation

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyung Lee ◽  
Mi Kwon ◽  
Ji Hyun Jeon ◽  
Shozo Fujioka ◽  
Ho Bang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Short Root

scholarly journals SHORT-ROOT paralogs mediate feedforward regulation of D-type cyclin to promote nodule formation in soybean

2022 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. e2108641119
Author(s):  
Chunhua Wang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Nengsong Liang ◽  
Haiyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Early Nodulin ◽  
Nodulin Genes

Nitrogen fixation in soybean takes place in root nodules that arise from de novo cell divisions in the root cortex. Although several early nodulin genes have been identified, the mechanism behind the stimulation of cortical cell division during nodulation has not been fully resolved. Here we provide evidence that two paralogs of soybean SHORT-ROOT (GmSHR) play vital roles in soybean nodulation. Expression of GmSHR4 and GmSHR5 (GmSHR4/5) is induced in cortical cells at the beginning of nodulation, when the first cell divisions occur. The expression level of GmSHR4/5 is positively associated with cortical cell division and nodulation. Knockdown of GmSHR5 inhibits cell division in outer cortical layers during nodulation. Knockdown of both paralogs disrupts the cell division throughout the cortex, resulting in poorly organized nodule primordia with delayed vascular tissue formation. GmSHR4/5 function by enhancing cytokinin signaling and activating early nodulin genes. Interestingly, D-type cyclins act downstream of GmSHR4/5, and GmSHR4/5 form a feedforward loop regulating D-type cyclins. Overexpression of D-type cyclins in soybean roots also enhanced nodulation. Collectively, we conclude that the GmSHR4/5-mediated pathway represents a vital module that triggers cytokinin signaling and activates D-type cyclins during nodulation in soybean.

scholarly journals SCHIZORIZA controls an asymmetric cell division and restricts epidermal identity in the Arabidopsis root

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (18) ◽  
pp. 4327-4334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Mylona ◽  
Paul Linstead ◽  
Rob Martienssen ◽  
Liam Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Radial Patterning ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Layered Ground

The primary root of Arabidopsis has a simple cellular organisation. The fixed radial cell pattern results from stereotypical cell divisions that occur in the meristem. Here we describe the characterisation of schizoriza (scz), a mutant with defective radial patterning. In scz mutants, the subepidermal layer (ground tissue) develops root hairs. Root hairs normally only form on epidermal cells of wild-type plants. Moreover, extra periclinal divisions (new wall parallel to surface of the root) occur in the scz root resulting in the formation of supernumerary layers in the ground tissue. Both scarecrow (scr) and short root (shr) suppress the extra periclinal divisions characteristic of scz mutant roots. This results in the formation of a single layered ground tissue in the double mutants. Cells of this layer develop root hairs, indicating that mis-specification of the ground tissue in scz mutants is uncoupled to the cell division defect. This suggests that during the development of the ground tissue SCZ has two distinct roles: (1) it acts as a suppressor of epidermal fate in the ground tissue, and (2) it is required to repress periclinal divisions in the meristem. It may act in the same pathway as SCR and SHR.

Activation of ACS7 in Arabidopsis affects vascular development and demonstrates a link between ethylene synthesis and cambial activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (22) ◽  
pp. 7160-7170
Author(s):  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Sining Wang ◽  
Shujia Li ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Liying Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Fiber Cell ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Fiber Cell Wall

Abstract Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that affects many processes of plant growth and development. During vascular development, ethylene positively regulates cambial cell division in parallel with tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) peptide signaling. In this study, we identified an ethylene overproducing mutant, acs7-d, exhibiting enhanced cambial activity and reduced wall development in fiber cells. Using genetic analysis, we found that ethylene signaling is necessary for the phenotypes of enhanced cambial cell division as well as defects in stem elongation and fiber cell wall development. Further, the cambial cell proliferation phenotype of acs7-d depends on WOX4, indicating that the two parallel pathways, ethylene and TDIF signaling, converge at WOX4 in regulating cambium activity. Gene expression analysis showed that ethylene impedes fiber cell wall biosynthesis through a conserved hierarchical transcriptional regulation. These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ethylene in regulating vascular meristem activity.

scholarly journals Paralogues of the PXY and ER receptor kinases enforce radial patterning in plant vascular tissue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Kristine S. Bagdassarian ◽  
Rebecca E. Doherty ◽  
Xiao Y. Wang ◽  
Johannes T. Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Radial Patterning ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Cell Layers

AbstractPlant cell walls do not allow cells to migrate, thus plant growth and development is entirely the consequence of changes to cell division and cell elongation. Where tissues are arranged in concentric rings, expansion of inner tissue, such as that which occurs during vascular development, must be coordinated with cell division and/or expansion of the outer tissue layers, endodermis, cortex, and epidermis, in order for tissue integrity to be maintained. Little is known of how coordination between cell layers occurs, but non-cell autonomous signalling could provide an explanation. Endodermis-derived EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) ligands have been shown to signal to the ERECTA (ER) receptor kinase present in the phloem. ER interacts with PHLOEM INTERCALLATED WITH XYLEM (PXY), a receptor present in the procambium. The PXY ligand, TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF) is derived from CLE41 which is expressed in the phloem. These factors therefore represent a mechanism by which intertissue signalling could occur to control radial expansion between vascular and non-vascular tissue in plant stems. Here we show that ER regulates expression of PXY paralogues, PXL1 and PXL2, and that in turn PXY, PXL1 and PXL2 together with ER, regulate the expression of ERL1 and ERL2, genes paralogous to ER. PXY, PXL1, PXL2 and ER also regulate the expression of ER-ligands. Genetic analysis of these six receptor kinase genes demonstrated that they are required to control organisation, proliferation and cell size across multiple tissue layers. Taken together, our experiments demonstrate that ER signalling attenuates PXL expression in the stem, thus influencing vascular expansion and patterning. We anticipate that similar regulatory relationships, where tissue growth is controlled via cell signals moving across different tissue layers, will coordinate tissue layer expansion throughout the plant body.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis JACKDAW and MAGPIE zinc finger proteins delimit asymmetric cell division and stabilize tissue boundaries by restricting SHORT-ROOT action

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 2196-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Welch ◽  
H. Hassan ◽  
I. Blilou ◽  
R. Immink ◽  
R. Heidstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Zinc Finger Proteins ◽  
Short Root
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