Ultrasound biomicroscopic study of the effects of topical latanoprost on the anterior segment and ciliary body thickness in dogs

The prereceptor regulation of glucocorticoids (GCs) by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11β-HSD1), a bidirectional isozyme that interconverts active (cortisol) and inactive (cortisone) GCs, is an established determinant of GC function in tissues such as liver, adipose and bone. Although the therapeutic use of GCs is abundant in ophthalmic practice, where GC interactions with nuclear receptors modulate gene transcription, the prereceptor regulation of endogenous cortisol is not well described in ocular tissues. Recent descriptive studies have localised 11β-HSD1 to the human corneal epithelium and non-pigmented epithelium (NPE) of the ciliary body, indicating a link to corneal epithelial physiology and aqueous humour production. In this study, we characterise the functional aspects of the autocrine regulation of GCs in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye. Using our in-house generated primary antibody to human 11β-HSD1, immunohistochemical analyses were performed on paraffin-embedded sections of whole New Zealand white albino rabbits, (NZWAR) eyes. As in human studies, 11β-HSD1 was localised to the corneal epithelium and the NPE. No staining was seen in the albino ‘pigmented’ ciliary epithelium. Specific enzyme assays for oxo-reductase (cortisone→cortisol) and dehydrogenase (cortisol→cortisone) activity indicated predominant 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity from both the intact ciliary body tissue (n=12, median 2.1 pmol/mg per h and range 1.25–2.8 pmol/mg per h; P=0.006) and primary cultures of corneal epithelial cells (n=12, median 3.0 pmol/mg per h and range 1.0–7.4 pmol/mg per h, P=0.008) compared with dehydrogenase activity (median 1.0 pmol/mg per h and range 0.5–2.0 pmol/mg per h; median 0.5 pmol/mg per h and range 0.25–1.9 pmol/mg per h respectively). These findings were supported by expression of 11β-HSD1 protein as visualised by Western blotting of ciliary body tissue and immunocytochemistry of corneal epithelial cells. Reduction of corneal epithelial cell proliferation was seen after primary cultures were co-incubated with cortisol and cortisone. 11β-HSD1 activity was not demonstrated in naïve conjunctival fibroblasts or corneal stromal keratocytes. Our results indicate that the distribution of 11β-HSD1 in the rabbit resembles that of the human eye and activates cortisone to cortisol in both corneal and uveal tissues. The NZWAR provides a suitable in vivo model for the further evaluation of 11β-HSD1 activity in the eye, especially its role in corneal epithelial and ciliary body physiology.

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Atypical presentation of peripheral posterior lenticonus and role of multi-modal ocular imaging in its diagnosis and management

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-238801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e238801

Author(s):

Rinky Agarwal ◽

Vatika Jain ◽

Manpreet Kaur ◽

Jeewan S Titiyal

Keyword(s):

Ciliary Body ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Posterior Capsule ◽

Slit Lamp ◽

Posterior Subcapsular Cataract ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Scheimpflug Imaging ◽

Ocular Imaging ◽

Lens Implantation

A 6-year-old systemically healthy child presented with visual acuity of 1/60, N18 oculusdextrus (OD), and 6/18, N6 oculus sinister (OS). Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed suspicious bilateral inferotemporal pigmented ciliary body (CB) tumour, protruding posterior capsule and temporal posterior subcapsular cataract oculus uterque. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, ultrasonic biomicroscopy and Scheimpflug imaging revealed protruding posterior capsule and cortex abutting but not arising from CB suggestive of peripheral pigmented posterior lenticonus with hypermetropia (axial length 20.27 mm OD and 19.97 mm OS). Aberrometry revealed high internal aberrations and low Dysfunctional Lens Index (DLI). Lens aspiration with intraocular lens implantation in the bag OD and contact lens correction OS were undertaken. The child had a postoperative visual gain of 3/60, N18 with improved aberrometric profile OD, and was advised amblyopia therapy. Rarely posterior lenticonus can mimic a CB mass. Multi-modal ocular imaging can aid in its diagnosis and management. DLI may serve as a useful indicator of surgery in such cases.

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Ciliary Body Thickness and Refractive Error in Children

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.08-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 4353 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Melissa D. Bailey ◽

Loraine T. Sinnott ◽

Donald O. Mutti

Keyword(s):

Refractive Error ◽

Ciliary Body ◽

Ciliary Body Thickness

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Angle closure glaucoma secondary to multiple ciliary body cysts: Anterior segment imaging pre- and post-treatment with laser iridotomy and cystostomy

Journal Français d Ophtalmologie ◽

10.1016/j.jfo.2019.03.027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

pp. 1039-1040

Author(s):

Kevin Gillmann ◽

Laetitia Niegowski ◽

Giorgio-Enrico Bravetti ◽

Kaweh Mansouri

Keyword(s):

Ciliary Body ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Laser Iridotomy ◽

Anterior Segment Imaging

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Anterior Segment Tomography with the Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2012/806989 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eduardo B. Rodrigues ◽

Margara Johanson ◽

Fernando M. Penha

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Ciliary Body ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Anterior Chamber Angle ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Further Development ◽

Acquisition Method ◽

Chamber Angle

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical acquisition method to examine biological tissues. In recent years, OCT has become an important imaging technology used in diagnosing and following macular pathologies. Further development enabled application of optical coherence tomography in evaluation of the integrity of the nerve fiber layer, optic nerve cupping, anterior chamber angle, or corneal topography. In this manuscript we overview the use of OCT in the clinical practice to enable corneal, iris, ciliary body, and angle evaluation and diagnostics.

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Penetration of Bevacizumab into the Iris, Anterior Chamber Angle and Ciliary Body After Intravitreal Injection

European Ophthalmic Review ◽

10.17925/eor.2009.03.01.36 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Swaantje Peters ◽

Peter Heiduschka ◽

Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt ◽

Ulrich Schraermeyer ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Intravitreal Injection ◽

Ciliary Body ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽

Neovascular Glaucoma ◽

Anterior Chamber Angle ◽

Rubeosis Iridis ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Chamber Angle

Recently, it was suggested that the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab could be used in the treatment of rubeosis iridis. Therefore, we aimed to trace the penetration of bevacizumab into the anterior chamber after intravitreal injection of the drug. We found that intravitreally injected bevacizumab penetrates well and quickly into the anterior chamber angle, iris and ciliary body. The highest concentration of bevacizumab is present on days one to four after injection, with penetration into the iris appearing to be faster than that into the anterior chamber angle and ciliary body. These findings are consistent with the clinically described regression of iris neovascularisation one to three days after injection. Furthermore, we demonstrated progressive penetration through the tissues of the anterior chamber towards the sclera. Our study showed that the intravitreal application mode is suitable for obtaining an accumulation of bevacizumab throughout the vascularised tissues of the anterior segment. Intravitreal bevacizumab may be used as a supplementary treatment for rubeosis iridis and neovascular glaucoma.

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The Almond plumage color pattern is associated with eye pigmentation defects in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia)

10.1101/2020.10.17.339655 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Bruders ◽

Max Sidesinger ◽

Michael D. Shapiro

Keyword(s):

Ciliary Body ◽

Mutant Allele ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Columba Livia ◽

Color Pattern ◽

Retinal Pigmented Epithelium ◽

Plumage Color ◽

Domestic Pigeon ◽

Pigmented Epithelium ◽

Eye Pigmentation

AbstractChanges in epidermal pigmentation are associated with eye defects in humans and other vertebrates. In the rock pigeon (Columba livia), the sex-linked Almond color pattern is characterized by hypopigmentation of epidermal structures. The trait is controlled by the classical Stipper (St) locus, and homozygous (ZStZSt) Almond males often have severe eye defects. Heterozygous (ZStZ+) and hemizygous (ZStW) pigeons do not typically have obvious eye defects, suggesting that higher dosage of the mutant allele is deleterious. Because Almond pigeons have pronounced hypopigmentation in epidermal structures, we hypothesized that they might also have reduced eye pigmentation. Here, we examined pigmentation in the iris, ciliary body, anterior retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), and posterior RPE in pigeons with and without Almond alleles. We found that pigmentation of anterior segment structures was reduced in birds with at least one Almond allele. However, posterior eye pigmentation was substantially reduced only in homozygous Almond birds. We postulate that the gradient of effects on eye pigmentation is due to the different embryological origins of anterior and posterior eye pigment-producing cells.

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Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Diagnosis Analysis and Fine Care of Anterior Segment Injury of Traumatic Anterior Chamber Based on Intelligent Virtual Reality Technology

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/9930686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Xiaoli Li

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Ciliary Body ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy ◽

The Body ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Virtual Reality Technology ◽

Ocular Ultrasound ◽

Eye Damage

The front part of the eye is exposed to the surface of the body, making it susceptible to injury. Blunt eye injuries often destroy the tissue structure in the anterior part of the eye. Often there is detachment of the iris root, separation of the ciliary body, the angle of retraction of the chamber, and complete dislocation or subluxation of the lens. Ordinary ocular ultrasound can penetrate into opaque tissue, but because of its low resolution, it can only show its outline, which is still very small for doctors in assisting diagnosis. Ultrasonic biomicroscopy is a very real-time analysis, will not be affected by the refraction space, and has great application value for ocular trauma. Based on this, this article proposes the ultrasound biomicroscope diagnosis analysis and fine nursing research of traumatic anterior chamber injury based on intelligent virtual reality technology. This article describes literature methods, experimental analysis methods, and other methods, in-depth study of the causes of traumatic anterior injuries, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and other theoretical knowledge, ultrasound biomicroscopy and microcontrol experiments for traumatic anterior injury design, and finally the causes of eye damage. This study compares the pairing results of ultrasound biomicroscopy biological measurements, analyzes the relationship between anterior bleeding level and anterior ocular injury, and analyzes the outcome and extent of service ophthalmology. The angle retreat accounted for 52.17% in grade I, 72.22% in grade II, and 60% in grade III. Anterior bleeding can cause single or complex iris root detachment, iris root detachment, ciliary body detachment, and angular leakage. The more the bleeding, the more serious the eye damage.

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Ultrasound biomicroscopy in diagnosis of anterior segment pathology

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0904185s ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 137 (3-4) ◽

pp. 185-188

Author(s):

Ivan Stefanovic ◽

Bojana Dacic-Krnjaja ◽

Smiljka Djuric

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Ciliary Body ◽

Diagnostic Procedure ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Clinical Images ◽

Clinical Centre ◽

The Difference ◽

Chamber Angle

Introduction. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure, developed in order to achieve better visualization of the anterior segment of the eye. The first clinical images were made in March 1990. The use of UBM at the Institute for Eye Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, began in February 2007. Outline of Cases. Due to a drop in visual acuity, the first patient was sent to the Institute for Eye Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia. The existence of the ciliary body tumour was suspected, so she underwent a UBM diagnostic procedure. UBM showed fibrin in the anterior chamber of the eye, occlusion of the pupil, and the absence of tumour. The second patient had a part of the chamber angle filled with solid lesion. UBM showed a solid tumour lesion filling the chamber angle in the lower part of the anterior chamber. The origin of the tumour was the ciliary body rather than the choroid which was shown by the B scan ultrasound. Lipodermoid was found by clinical examination of the third patient. He underwent UBM in order to exclude the involvement of the sclera under the lesion. UBM visualized a subconjunctival lesion lying on the sclera, reaching the limbus of the cornea. The difference in ultrasound reflection of the two tissues helped us to confirm that the sclera was not involved. Our fourth patient underwent an antiglaucomatous procedure, and the assessment of the chamber angle opening was the reason for the UBM examination. Parameters measured in the lower quadrants (6 o'clock) that we managed to obtain were the following: AOD (250 ?m) - 180 ?m, AOD (500 ?m) - 400 ?m, TIA - 34.39 deg., ARA - 0.25 mm2. Comparing them to normal values, we came to the conclusion that the chamber angle was open in the lower part of the anterior chamber. Conclusion. Ultrasound biomicroscopy gives us plenty of useful information when it comes to diagnosing the anterior chamber pathology.

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