Influence of fungicides on occurence of Fusarium spp. and other stem base diseases on winter wheat

From 1999 to 2004 the occurence of fungi: Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.) and Fusarium spp. was evaluated in small plot field trials on seven varieties of winter wheat. The efficacy of fungicide protection against stem base diseases and influence on yields was monitored in field conditions in Velká Bystřice near Olomouc.For diagnostic of casual fungi two methods were used: 1. Method of coloring mycelium in stems, 2. Method of cultivation of mycelim on agar.Results from detection of casual fungi are following: Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.), Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. and Fusarium graminearum Schwabe.For high efficacy of protection against roots and stem base disease the following fungicide variants should be applied: Sportak Alpha 1.5 l . ha−1 (BBCH 30)/Cerelux Plus 0.7 l . ha−1 (BBCH 51), Sportak HF 1 l . ha−1 (BBCH 30)/Cerelux Plus 0.7 l . ha−1, Alert S 1.0 l . ha−1 (BBCH 30/Cerelux Plus 0.7 l . ha−1 (BBCH 51). The application of fungicides positively influenced yields. Yield increased at average by10–20 % after the aplication but the rise in yields was not in total correlation with the efficacy. These results can be possibly used in the system of integral control of winter wheat against stem base disease in wheat.

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Interactions between fungi colonizing the stem base of winter wheat

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2001.019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 273-281

Author(s):

Urszula Wachowska

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽

Stem Base ◽

Combined Cultures ◽

Rhizoctonia Cerealis

In vitro conditions, the interactions betecen the fungi most frequently isolated from the stem base of winter wheat were determined. These were the species from genus Fusarium (F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and F. poae) and Rhizoctonia cerealis, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Alternaria alternata and Aureobasidium bolleyi. Some saprotrophes showed stimulating effect on R. cerealis, P. herpotrichoides and F. poae. Certain species in combined cultures showed exceptionally favourable relationships.

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Resistance of winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic to mycotoxin accumulation in grain following inoculation with Fusarium culmorum

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/1910-cjgpb ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 44-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Chrpová ◽

V. Šíp ◽

E. Matějová ◽

S. Sýkorová

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Field Trials ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Infection Period ◽

Classification Of Varieties ◽

Moderate Resistance ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

Resistance of 35 winter wheat varieties to the accumulation of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grain was evaluated in field trials lasting three years (2004, 2005, 2006) after artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. Data on DON and ZEA content were supplemented by symptom scores and determination of % of Fusarium damaged grains and % reductions of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike due to infection. The conditions of experimental years highly influenced the performance of all characters. The highest production of DON occurred in 2006 at a high temperature and high moisture content during the infection period. Moderate resistance to the accumulation of DON (at the level of Swiss variety Arina) was detected in the varieties Apache, Samanta, Simila and Alana. Another six varieties (Rheia, Banquet, Ludwig, Rapsodia, Dromos and Globus) also showed relatively low average DON content, but a higher fluctuation in experimental years. DON content was positively related to ZEA content and significant correlations were also detected between DON content and the examined disease severity traits. In all years the earlier varieties showed lower DON accumulation than later varieties, but the effects of genotype earliness on the other traits, including ZEA content, were not often significant (not similar under different conditions). The obtained results could help to improve the classification of varieties from these aspects, which is desirable for recommendation on their use in practice and breeding.

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The effects of fungicides on Fusarium spp. and their associated mycotoxins in naturally infected winter wheat grain

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.2478/v10129-011-0035-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Skaidre Suproniene ◽

Audrone Mankeviciene ◽

Irena Gaurilcikiene

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Field Trials ◽

Fusarium Avenaceum ◽

Research Centre ◽

Single Application ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp

The effects of fungicides on Fusarium spp. and their associated mycotoxins in naturally infected winter wheat grain Field trials conducted at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (central part of Lithuania) in 2009 were aimed to evaluate the effect of fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in a naturally infected field. A single application of dimoxystrobin + epoxiconazole (Swing Gold), prothioconazole (Proline), metconazole (Juventus), tebuconazole (Folicur), prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Prosaro) was applied to winter wheat cv. ‘Zentos’ at the manufacturer's recommended doses at anthesis (BBCH 65). The FHB incidence and severity were assessed at milk and hard maturity stages. The percentage of Fusarium infected grain and deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin (T-2) concentrations in harvested grain were determined. In all fungicide treated plots a significant reduction of FHB incidence and severity was determined; however the fungicides did not exert any effect on the amount of Fusarium-infected grain as compared with the untreated control. A reduction of DON, ZEN and T-2 contents in grain was determined in tebuconazole treatments. Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc, F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. poae (Peck) Wollenw, F. sporotrichioides Sherb. and F. tricinctum (Corda) Sacc were identified in wheat grain, F. poae was prevalent.

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Stability of yield and miller's quality of winter wheat selected varieties' grain

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200654040099 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 99-110

Author(s):

Viera Šottníková ◽

Luděk Hřivna

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Field Trials ◽

High Variability ◽

Average Volume ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Central Institute ◽

Elite Group ◽

Small Plot

Within the project of small-plot field trials we cultivated 10 varieties of winter wheat in 5 different trial stations of the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in years 2001–2002. The yields achieved were assessed and the miller’s quality of the grain was defined. Wheat variety Contra reached the highest yields (10.226 t.ha–1) and Niagara wheat variety reached the lowest yields (8.516 t. ha–1) where the yields were conclusively lower (LSD, 95%) compared with the group C varieties. Apache and Ebi varieties achieved the most stable yields; the least plastic variety was Banquet. We marked high variability of volume capacity (682–840 g.1–1). The highest average volume capacity was proved by Niagara variety (802 g.1–1) while the lowest was provided by Windsor (736.9 g.1–1). The elite group wheat varieties (E) and the quality varieties (Niagara, Samanta) proved conclusively higher volume capacity than the group C varieties. The highest TGW, in comparison with the rest of varieties, was achieved by Niagara variety and the lowest TGW proved by Contra. The high proportion of grains on 2,5 mm sieve corresponded with TGW. In average, the highest proportion of grains on 2,5 mm sieve was achieved by Niagara variety (95.21%), the lowest by Contra. Higher TGW value achieved in 2001, in comparison with 2002, positively influenced the yield of flour. The highest yield were reached by the A class flour in 2001 and the elite wheat (E) in the following year. The highest content of ashes in flour T550 was found at Windsor variety (0.61%) contrary to the most positively evaluated Samanta (0.55%).

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Factors Affecting the Levels of Eyespot and Fusarium Foot-Rot on Winter Wheat cv. Hereward in Cereal Monocrops and Wheat Clover Bicrops

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] ◽

10.24200/jams.vol4iss2pp7-12 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

M.J. Soleimani ◽

M.L Deadman

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

White Clover ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Cross Infection ◽

Disease Development ◽

Foot Rot ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Stem Base ◽

Factors Influencing

Various factors influencing the amount of disease on the stem-base of wheat, when grown as a component of a bicrop, with white clover, are described. The amount of crop debris on the soil surface remained higher in monocrop than bicropped plots. Furthermore, the rate of debris decay was faster in bicrops than in monocrops. Population levels of P. herpotrichoides and Fusarium spp. were higher on debris within bicrops than on debris within monocrop plots. However, because debris decomposition was more rapid in bierops, inoculum availability was of shorter duration in bicrops than monocrop plots. ln soil, populations of P. herpotrichmoides were greater in bicropped plots than in monocrops, although no significant differences were observed for Fusarium spp. population levels. Pathogen cross-infection between bicrop components and changes in microclimate within crop canopies were shown to occur, and isolates of Fusarium from clover were shown to induce significant levels of disease on cereal seedlings. The effects of each of these factors on disease development are discussed in relation to previous reports of disease levels in the field.

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Resistance of winter wheat cultivars to eyespot and characterisation of causal agents of the disease

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/157/2016-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Palicová Jana ◽

Matušinsky Pavel ◽

Dumalasová Veronika ◽

Hanzalová Alena ◽

Bížová Irena

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Stem Base ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Lower Severity ◽

Small Plot ◽

Oculimacula Yallundae

The reaction of ten winter wheat cultivars grown in the Czech Republic to inoculation with Oculimacula yallundae and Oculimacula acuformis was evaluated in a small plot trial. In a parallel field trial the natural occurrence of stem-base disease complex in six of the tested cultivars was assessed. Lower severity of eyespot (and/or stem-base diseases) was observed in cultivars possessing the resistance gene Pch1 (cvs Hermann, Annie, Princeps, Manager, and Rebell) in plots inoculated with Oculimacula spp. as well as in natural field conditions. A total of 468 wheat stem bases from the Czech Republic was screened by PCR to study the frequency of eyespot causal agents. The plants were colonised significantly more often by both species Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis together than separately.

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Variability of Stem-Base Infestation and Coexistence of Fusarium spp. Causing Crown Rot of Winter Wheat in Serbia

The Plant Pathology Journal ◽

10.5423/ppj.oa.02.2019.0038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 553-563

Author(s):

Radivoje Jevtić ◽

Nemanja Stošić ◽

Vesna Župunski ◽

Mirjana Lalošević ◽

Branka Orbović

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Stem Base

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Stem base rot of winter wheat by Fusarium spp. - causes and effects

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.058 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 319-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Małgorzata Narkiewicz-Jodko ◽

Zygmunt Gil ◽

Marek Urban

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Plant Health ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Stem Base ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Weed Infestation

The aim of the work was to determine the influence of weather conditions and a degree of weed infestation on the incidence of stem bases rot (Fusarium spp.) of winter wheat cultivars as well as their yield. The winter wheat cultivars (Kobra, Korweta, Mikon, Zyta) were investigated (2000-2002) in the field where the following herbicides: Apyros 75 WG + Atpolan, Affinity 50,75 WG, Attribut 70 WG were applied. It has been shown the occurrence of stem base rot (Fusarium spp.) depended mainly on weather conditions. The application of the herbicides improved the plant health. The stem base rot on winter wheat was caused by Fusarium spp., specially F. culmorum. The decrease in winter wheat yield depended on weather conditions, weed infestation and the occurrence of stem base rot (Fusarium spp.).

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QUALITATIVE STABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.48.2000.2.10 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 191-195

Author(s):

C. Kondora ◽

M. Szabó ◽

A. Máté ◽

G. Szabó

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Baking Quality ◽

Small Plot ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.

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Dynamics of the Degradation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Herbicides in Vegetables

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 405

Author(s):

Miroslav Jursík ◽

Kateřina Hamouzová ◽

Jana Hajšlová

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Growing Season ◽

Field Trials ◽

Baby Food ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Herbicide Residues ◽

Harvest Intervals ◽

Small Plot

(1) Background: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionates and cyclohexanediones are herbicides most widely used in dicot crops worldwide. The main objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of herbicide residues in carrot, lettuce, cauliflower, and onion in order to suggest a low level of residues in harvested vegetables. (2) Methods: Small plot field trials were carried out in four vegetables in the Czech Republic. The samples of vegetables were collected continuously during the growing season. Multiresidue methods for the determination of herbicide residues by LC-MS/MS were used. Non-linear models of degradation of individual herbicides in vegetables were calculated using the exponential decay formula. Action GAP pre-harvest intervals for the 25% and 50% maximum residue limit (MRL) and 10 µg kg−1 limit (baby food) were established for all tested herbicides. (3) Results: The degradation dynamics of fluazifop in carrot, onion, and cauliflower was significantly slower compared to quizalofop and haloxyfop. The highest amount (2796 µg kg−1) of fluazifop residues was detected in cauliflower 11 days after application. No residue of propaquizafop and cycloxydim was detected in any vegetable samples. (4) Conclusions: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicide (except propaquizafop) could contaminate vegetables easily, especially vegetables with a short growing season. Vegetables treated with fluazifop are not suitable for baby food. Lettuce and cauliflower treated by quizalofop are not suitable for baby food, but in onion and carrot, quizalofop could be used. Propaquizafop and cycloxydim are prospective herbicides for non-residual (baby food) vegetable production.

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