Changes in plasma glucose, lactate and free fatty acids in lambs during summit metabolism and treatment with catecholamines

Some of the initial biochemical findings, obtained from 141 randomly-selected cases of acute hyperglycaemia (admission plasma glucose >20 mmol/L) were examined. When viewed in terms of their initial plasma bicarbonate concentration, three groups were identifiable. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), acetone and the sum of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3OHB) and lactate were different between these groups. However, there were no differences in plasma glucose or lactate concentrations. It was further observed that the relationship between the plasma FFA/albumin molar ratio, and ketone concentration could be described by a rectangular hyperbola, and the initial anion gap was linearly related to the sum of the 3OHB and lactate concentrations.

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Turnover of Plasma Glucose and Free Fatty Acids in Patients on the First Day after Myocardial Infarction

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0500401 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 401-407

Author(s):

I. A. Nimmo ◽

R. H. Smith ◽

M. A. Dolder ◽

M. F. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Myocardial Ischaemia ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Acute Episode ◽

Glucose Turnover

1. The turnover of plasma glucose and free fatty acids was measured in ten patients within 24 h of the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction and in two with symptoms of acute myocardial ischaemia. The measurements were repeated in seven of the patients 12–40 weeks after the acute episode. 2. Both for the patients with acute myocardial infarction alone and for all the individuals studied the turnover of glucose increased with plasma glucose concentration but was not related to the turnover of free fatty acids or the plasma concentrations of free fatty acids, insulin or total catecholamines. There was no obvious difference in the nature of the glucose turnover—concentration relationship between the patients with acute myocardial infarction, with acute myocardial ischaemia and on re-examination. 3. For all the individuals studied the turnover of free fatty acids increased with the concentration of these but was not related to the turnover of glucose or the plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin or total catecholamines. There was no obvious difference in the nature of the free fatty acids turnover—concentration relationship between the patients with acute myocardial infarction, with acute myocardial ischaemia and on re-examination.

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Relationship between plasma and muscle concentrations of ketone bodies and free fatty acids in fed, starved and alloxan-diabetic states

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1340499 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 134 (2) ◽

pp. 499-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Oliver E. Owen ◽

Helene Markus ◽

Stuart Sarshik ◽

Maria Mozzoli

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Ketone Body ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Muscle Membrane

1. Concentrations of ketone bodies, free fatty acids and chloride in fed, 24–120h-starved and alloxan-diabetic rats were determined in plasma and striated muscle. Plasma glucose concentrations were also measured in these groups of animals. 2. Intracellular metabolite concentrations were calculated by using chloride as an endogenous marker of extracellular space. 3. The mean intracellular ketone-body concentrations (±s.e.m.) were 0.17±0.02, 0.76±0.11 and 2.82±0.50μmol/ml of water in fed, 48h-starved and alloxan-diabetic rats, respectively. Mean (intracellular water concentration)/(plasma water concentration) ratios were 0.47, 0.30 and 0.32 in fed, 48h-starved and alloxan-diabetic rats respectively. The relationship between ketone-body concentrations in the plasma and intracellular compartments appeared to follow an asymptotic pattern. 4. Only intracellular 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations rose during starvation whereas concentrations of both 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate were elevated in the alloxan-diabetic state. 5. During starvation plasma glucose concentrations were lowest at 48h, and increased with further starvation. 6. There was no significant difference in the muscle intracellular free fatty acid concentrations of fed, starved and alloxan-diabetic rats. Mean free fatty acid intramuscular concentrations (±s.e.m.) were 0.81±0.08, 0.98±0.21 and 0.91±0.10μmol/ml in fed, 48h-starved and alloxan-diabetic states. 7. The intracellular ketosis of starvation and the stability of free fatty acid intracellular concentrations suggests that neither muscle membrane permeability nor concentrations of free fatty acids per se are major factors in limiting ketone-body oxidation in these states.

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