scholarly journals Protecting the Water Supply

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Morley ◽  
Jerry P. Brashear
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Selection Of

This article highlights various features of risk and resilience standard developed by the ASME-ITI and American Water Works Association. The American Water Works Association and ASME Innovative Technologies Institute have jointly developed an American National Standard to enhance the security and resilience of drinking water and wastewater systems. The ASME-ITI, under the Department of Homeland Security’s sponsorship, initiated discussions with the water sector to consider the development of sector-level guidance based on RAMCAP Plus. The RAMCAP Plus process is composed of seven interrelated analytic steps, which provides a foundation for data collection and interpretation, analysis, and decision making valuable for understanding and managing risk and resilience. The process is designed to guide the selection of options that reduce risk and increase resilience, including informing funding decisions. The joint standard fulfils the need identified in the water sector-specific plan. It facilitates the reduction of risk and the enhancement of resilience at water and wastewater systems across America.

scholarly journals An evaluation of defluoridation technologies in the context of decision-making strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Fantin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Specific Community ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

Fluoride can be considered beneficial or harmful to human health dependant on the amount that is ingested. Many methods exist for the removal of excessive fluoride from drinking water; however, not all defluoridation methods are appropriate for the specific local conditions that may be present within a community. The objective of this research project is to evaluate various available defluoridation technologies against characteristics of a successful and sustainable technology, while considering decision-making strategies that may be employed by those selecting an appropriate defluoridation method to suit the characteristics of the specific community that is affected by fluoride-impacted drinking water. An evaluation of the selected defluoridation technologies supports the notion that there is not an all-encompassing defluoridation technology that would be applicable to all types of situations in which fluoride impacted groundwater is a concern. Water treatment methods for developing countries require careful consideration and selection of a sustainable solution so as to provide long-term benefits and applicability. Formal decision-making strategies would be useful tools at the government level to provide a starting point to determine which available defluoridation methods would be viable at the end user level. Researchers, government officials and, most importantly, local inhabitants of suffering areas must work together to achieve the common goal of clean and safe potable water.

scholarly journals Review and Evaluation of the J100‐10 Risk and Resilience Management Standard for Water and Wastewater Systems

Risk Analysis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-623
Author(s):  
Thomas Ying‐Jeh Chen ◽  
Valerie Nicole Washington ◽  
Terje Aven ◽  
Seth David Guikema
Keyword(s):  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Management Standard ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Resilience Management ◽  
Water And Wastewater

scholarly journals An evaluation of defluoridation technologies in the context of decision-making strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Fantin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Specific Community ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

Fluoride can be considered beneficial or harmful to human health dependant on the amount that is ingested. Many methods exist for the removal of excessive fluoride from drinking water; however, not all defluoridation methods are appropriate for the specific local conditions that may be present within a community. The objective of this research project is to evaluate various available defluoridation technologies against characteristics of a successful and sustainable technology, while considering decision-making strategies that may be employed by those selecting an appropriate defluoridation method to suit the characteristics of the specific community that is affected by fluoride-impacted drinking water. An evaluation of the selected defluoridation technologies supports the notion that there is not an all-encompassing defluoridation technology that would be applicable to all types of situations in which fluoride impacted groundwater is a concern. Water treatment methods for developing countries require careful consideration and selection of a sustainable solution so as to provide long-term benefits and applicability. Formal decision-making strategies would be useful tools at the government level to provide a starting point to determine which available defluoridation methods would be viable at the end user level. Researchers, government officials and, most importantly, local inhabitants of suffering areas must work together to achieve the common goal of clean and safe potable water.

Fuzzy risk-based decision-making approach for selection of drinking water disinfectants

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakhawat Chowdhury ◽  
Pascale Champagne ◽  
Tahir Husain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Selection Of

Decision support tools for urban water and wastewater systems – focussing on hazardous flows assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Malmqvist ◽  
H. Palmquist
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Decision Support Process

The Swedish research programme Urban Water has developed a concept of a multi-criteria basis intended to support decision-making for urban water and wastewater systems. Five criteria groups were established for sustainability assessment of urban water systems: Health and Hygiene, Environment, Economy, Socio-culture, and Technology. Each criterion requires a set of indicators corresponding to quantifiable facts and figures, or qualitative data to comparatively assess the different alternatives in the decision process. The decision support process starts as a baseline study where the existing conditions are addressed. Alternative strategies of the future urban water system are developed and analysed by different tools and methodologies in assessing the five criteria groups. Eventually, the results and conclusions are integrated and synthesised into a basis for decision-making. As an example of a decision support basis for chemical safety, a barrier perspective was introduced to find out if and to what extent hazardous substances can be stopped, diverged, or transformed at various points in the wastewater system. A set of barriers was suggested, i.e. behaviour, systems design, process design, optional recipients, and organisational. The barrier approach was applied to two alternative municipal wastewater system designs – a combined wastewater system vs. a source separated system – analysing the fate of phosphorus, cadmium, and triclosan. The study showed that the combined system caused a higher substance flow to the receiving waterbody than the separated system. The combined system also brought more phosphorus and cadmium to the farmland than the separated system, but only half the amount of triclosan.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9312
Author(s):  
Setyo Kurniawan ◽  
Siti Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Imron ◽  
Nor Said ◽  
Nur Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Selection Of

The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation–flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Groundwater protection in Denmark and the role of water supply companies

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Jacob Dyrby Petersen ◽  
Lisbeth Flindt Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Selection Of

Denmark has a decentralised water supply structure with about 2500 water supply companies. Until recently, about 150 of these, especially the larger ones, were owned by local authorities; the rest are private, all run on an independent and not-for-profit basis. Recently, a new law, the Water Sector Law (Miljøministeriet 2009), was implemented. Its purpose is to privatise the water supply sector (although, as hitherto, into not-for-profit corporations), and statutory duties are separated from operations in order to make the supply of drinking water to consumers as efficient as possible. An important element of the Water Sector Law is the introduction of a new regulatory body, the Utility Secretariat. The role of this new institution under the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority is to enforce price ceilings on drinking water, based on a selection of benchmark parameters.

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