scholarly journals An evaluation of defluoridation technologies in the context of decision-making strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Fantin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Specific Community ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

Fluoride can be considered beneficial or harmful to human health dependant on the amount that is ingested. Many methods exist for the removal of excessive fluoride from drinking water; however, not all defluoridation methods are appropriate for the specific local conditions that may be present within a community. The objective of this research project is to evaluate various available defluoridation technologies against characteristics of a successful and sustainable technology, while considering decision-making strategies that may be employed by those selecting an appropriate defluoridation method to suit the characteristics of the specific community that is affected by fluoride-impacted drinking water. An evaluation of the selected defluoridation technologies supports the notion that there is not an all-encompassing defluoridation technology that would be applicable to all types of situations in which fluoride impacted groundwater is a concern. Water treatment methods for developing countries require careful consideration and selection of a sustainable solution so as to provide long-term benefits and applicability. Formal decision-making strategies would be useful tools at the government level to provide a starting point to determine which available defluoridation methods would be viable at the end user level. Researchers, government officials and, most importantly, local inhabitants of suffering areas must work together to achieve the common goal of clean and safe potable water.

scholarly journals An evaluation of defluoridation technologies in the context of decision-making strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Fantin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Specific Community ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

Fluoride can be considered beneficial or harmful to human health dependant on the amount that is ingested. Many methods exist for the removal of excessive fluoride from drinking water; however, not all defluoridation methods are appropriate for the specific local conditions that may be present within a community. The objective of this research project is to evaluate various available defluoridation technologies against characteristics of a successful and sustainable technology, while considering decision-making strategies that may be employed by those selecting an appropriate defluoridation method to suit the characteristics of the specific community that is affected by fluoride-impacted drinking water. An evaluation of the selected defluoridation technologies supports the notion that there is not an all-encompassing defluoridation technology that would be applicable to all types of situations in which fluoride impacted groundwater is a concern. Water treatment methods for developing countries require careful consideration and selection of a sustainable solution so as to provide long-term benefits and applicability. Formal decision-making strategies would be useful tools at the government level to provide a starting point to determine which available defluoridation methods would be viable at the end user level. Researchers, government officials and, most importantly, local inhabitants of suffering areas must work together to achieve the common goal of clean and safe potable water.

scholarly journals Free and Frank Advice and the Official Information Act

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kibblewhite ◽  
Peter Boshier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Work Programme ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Official Information

Concern exists that New Zealand hasn’t struck the right balance between two potentially competing principles of good government: officials should provide free and frank advice to ministers, and the public should have opportunities to participate in decision making and hold the government to account. Steps we have taken to address this include: strengthening constitutional underpinnings for free and frank advice (Cabinet Manual changes and issuing expectations for officials); a work programme to improve government agency practice in relation to the Official Information Act; and the Office of the Ombudsman reducing uncertainty about when advice can be withheld by issuing new principles-based guidance and providing more advisory services.

scholarly journals Decision making in reverse logistics using system dynamics

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Georgiadis ◽  
D. Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Helpful Tool ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Reverse logistics is a modern field of consideration, research and study, providing helpful information on the operation of the closed-loop supply chain. Although the starting point of this field is traced back to the early 90?s, no standard method has been suggested, neither prevailed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new approach on the study of reverse logistics. It is actually a review on how System Dynamics (SD) can be a helpful tool when it is used in the reverse logistics field. The paper explains the basic theory of the system modeling and next it utilizes the reverse logistics model. Finally, an illustrative example shows how SD modeling can be used to produce a powerful long-term decision-making tool.

scholarly journals The Role of Public Participation in Governance towards Achieving Sustainable Development. Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Maurice S. Nyarangaa ◽  
Chen Hao ◽  
Duncan O. Hongo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Class ◽  
The Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Government

Public participation aimed at improving the effectiveness of governance by involving citizens in governance policy formulation and decision-making processes. It was designed to promote transparency, accountability and effectiveness of any modern government. Although Kenya has legally adopted public participation in day-to-day government activities, challenges still cripple its effectiveness as documented by several scholars. Instead of reducing conflicts between the government and the public, it has heightened witnessing so many petitions of government missing on priorities in terms of development and government policies. Results show that participation weakly relates with governance hence frictions sustainable development. Theoretically, public participation influences governance efficiency and development, directly and indirectly, thus sustainable development policy and implementation depends on Public participation and good governance. However, an effective public participation in governance is has been fractioned by the government. Instead of being a promoter/sponsor of public participation, the government of Kenya has failed to put structures that would spur participation of citizens in policy making and other days to activities. This has brought about wrong priority setting and misappropriation of public resources; The government officials and political class interference ultimately limit public opinion and input effects on decision-making and policy formulation, which might be an inner factor determining the failure of public participation in Kenya. The study suggests the need for strengthening public participation by establishing an independent institution to preside over public participation processes.

The Methodology for the Selection of Technologies for the Removal of Microorganisms from ETICS

2016 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naďa Antošová ◽  
Katarína Minarovičová
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Strategic Reasoning ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Selection Of

The paper has the ambition to point out the validation of conceptual and a strategic reasoning in the design of solution of “green façade” with external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). The text deals with selected information derived from long-term research on contamination of ETICS by biological materials (mostly unicellular organisms - algae). The paper concludes with a draft of decision-making process.

scholarly journals Selection of Oviposition Sites by Libelloides coccajus (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae), North of the Alps: Implications for Nature Conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Markus Müller ◽  
Jürg Schlegel ◽  
Bertil O. Krüsi
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Northern Switzerland ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Selection Of

(1) The survival of peripheral populations is often threatened, especially in a changing environment. Furthermore, such populations frequently show adaptations to local conditions which, in turn, may enhance the ability of a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions. In conservation biology, peripheral populations are therefore of particular interest. (2) In northern Switzerland and southern Germany, Libelloides coccajus is an example of such a peripheral species. (3) Assuming that suitable oviposition sites are crucial to its long-term survival, we compared oviposition sites and adjacent control plots with regard to structure and composition of the vegetation. (4) Vegetation structure at and around oviposition sites seems to follow fairly stringent rules leading to at least two benefits for the egg clutches: (i) reduced risk of contact with adjacent plants, avoiding delayed drying after rainfall or morning dew and (ii) reduced shading and therefore higher temperatures. (5) Furthermore, the study showed that it is possible to successfully create secondary habitats for L. coccajus, as shown by a road verge in one of our study areas. It is likely that other artificial habitats such as abandoned gravel pits and quarries may also provide suitable habitats.

scholarly journals Protecting the Water Supply

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Morley ◽  
Jerry P. Brashear
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Selection Of

This article highlights various features of risk and resilience standard developed by the ASME-ITI and American Water Works Association. The American Water Works Association and ASME Innovative Technologies Institute have jointly developed an American National Standard to enhance the security and resilience of drinking water and wastewater systems. The ASME-ITI, under the Department of Homeland Security’s sponsorship, initiated discussions with the water sector to consider the development of sector-level guidance based on RAMCAP Plus. The RAMCAP Plus process is composed of seven interrelated analytic steps, which provides a foundation for data collection and interpretation, analysis, and decision making valuable for understanding and managing risk and resilience. The process is designed to guide the selection of options that reduce risk and increase resilience, including informing funding decisions. The joint standard fulfils the need identified in the water sector-specific plan. It facilitates the reduction of risk and the enhancement of resilience at water and wastewater systems across America.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Metode Weighted Product Untuk Seleksi Mahasiswa Penerima Beasiswa

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Muhammad Isa Daud ◽  
Mufty Mufty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
Scholarship Recipients ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tuition Fee ◽  
Selection Of

Making the right decision is very important in a management, wrong decision making can be fatal for both companies and individuals Through the Education Office the government seeks to allocate funds to provide scholarships to students who are economically unable to finance their education and provide scholarships to students who have achievements. In order for the implementation of scholarships to be achieved, it must be in accordance with the principle of 3T, namely On target, Right amount and On time. The provision of tuition fee assistance in the form of scholarships is also given to students in universities. Scholarships are given to students who excel and are underprivileged. The selection of scholarship recipients so far is not maximal because of the assessment that seems to favor one student so that students who really deserve it become unable to get. In this research using Weighted Products method to conduct the assessment process and the process implemented into a system, it is expected that with the system of decision-makers can choose students who really deserve. The results showed that Mahasiswa 4 was selected as a scholarship student with a score of 0.237

scholarly journals Medical and colonial discourses in A. P. Chekhov's book “Sakhalin Island”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
Ning Shilei ◽  
◽  
Li Xianshu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Medicine And Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Xix Century

The article presents an analysis of the conceptual and medical context of the book “Sakhalin Island”, examines Chekhov's attitude to medicine and literature, and analyzes various (including foreign) approaches to studying medicine and problems of colonization in literary texts. The topic is also relevant because, as we know, in the XIX century publicism was rather restricted by the government, both in the choice of topics and in the ways of their coverage. In many ways, literature took on the role of defender of ordinary people, including exiled convicts. The authors examine how, in addition to the lack of basic medical care, poor sanitation, and the specific local conditions causing various illnesses in people unaccustomed to Sakhalin climate, these people had feelings such as loneliness, melancholy, despondency, and unwillingness to live - in short, all the symptoms that are now commonly referred to as depression and psychopathology. Through a number of literary devices, A. P. Chekhov creates a satirical effect and disavows the authorities' allegations. The authors show that the focus of Chekhov's book is on the living conditions of the people and the serious mistakes made by the state during the exploration of Sakhalin. Comparing Chekhov's observations with statistics and factual data from other sources, the authors emphasize that government officials do not understand the importance of Sakhalin for Russia, the need to develop its natural resources, the inadmissibility of ignoring local ethnic and cultural conditions, the neglect of people, etc. The article concludes that Chekhov's observations are closely related to legal, economic, and historical records of the time.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the investment choice of capital projects by public corporations

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Public Corporations ◽  
Project Appraisal ◽  
Investment Choice ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Selection Of

This article provides guidelines on how public corporations can choose capital projects on the basis of economic and financial criteria. Project appraisal, selection and prioritisation criteria are listed, followed by a description of the way in which the result of each appraisal technique should be interpreted. Criteria that should be adhered to in the selection of mutually exclusive projects and the prioritisation of functionally independent projects in order to maximise the net output of public corporations in the long run are supplied. Applications of the proposed investment decision rules are illustrated by examples. Two techniques are proposed that may be used as additional decision-making instruments when evaluated projects show similar degrees of long-term financial viability.

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