Heat Transfer in the Forced Laminar Wall Jet

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Quintana ◽  
M. Amitay ◽  
A. Ortega ◽  
I. J. Wygnanski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Wall Heat Flux ◽  
Wall Jet ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Constant Wall Temperature ◽  
The Mean

The mean and fluctuating characteristics of a plane, unsteady, laminar, wall jet were investigated experimentally for a constant wall-temperature boundary condition. Temperature and streamwise velocity profiles, including the downstream development of the thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layer thicknesses, were obtained through simultaneous hot and cold wire measurements in air. Even at relatively low temperature differences, heating or cooling of a floor surface sufficiently altered the mean velocity profile in the inner, near-wall region to produce significant effects on the jet stability. Selective forcing of the flow at the most amplified frequencies produced profound effects on the temperature and velocity fields and hence the time-averaged heat transfer and shear stress. Large amplitude excitation of the flow (up to 2 percent of the velocity measured at the jet exit plane) at a high frequency resulted in a reduction in the maximum skin friction by as much as 65 percent, with an increase in the maximum wall heat flux as high as 45 percent. The skin friction and wall heat flux were much less susceptible to low-frequency excitation.

Decomposition of the mean skin-friction drag in compressible turbulent channel flows

2019 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weipeng Li ◽  
Yitong Fan ◽  
Davide Modesti ◽  
Cheng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Channel Flows ◽  
Wall Heat Flux ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Friction Drag ◽  
Turbulent Channel Flows ◽  
The Mean

The mean skin-friction drag in a wall-bounded turbulent flow can be decomposed into different physics-informed contributions based on the mean and statistical turbulence quantities across the wall layer. Following Renard & Deck’s study (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 790, 2016, pp. 339–367) on the skin-friction drag decomposition of incompressible wall-bounded turbulence, we extend their method to a compressible form and use it to investigate the effect of density and viscosity variations on skin-friction drag generation, using direct numerical simulation data of compressible turbulent channel flows. We use this novel decomposition to study the skin-friction contributions associated with the molecular viscous dissipation and the turbulent kinetic energy production and we investigate their dependence on Reynolds and Mach number. We show that, upon application of the compressibility transformation of Trettel & Larsson (Phys. Fluids, vol. 28, 2016, 026102), the skin-friction drag contributions can be only partially transformed into the equivalent incompressible ones, as additional terms appear representing deviations from the incompressible counterpart. Nevertheless, these additional contributions are found to be negligible at sufficiently large equivalent Reynolds number and low Mach number. Moreover, we derive an exact relationship between the wall heat flux coefficient and the skin-friction drag coefficient, which allows us to relate the wall heat flux to the skin-friction generation process.

Heat Transfer From an Oscillating Horizontal Wire to Water

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Deaver ◽  
W. R. Penney ◽  
T. B. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Horizontal Wire

An investigation has been made to determine the effect of low frequency oscillations of relatively large amplitude on the rate of heat transfer from a small horizontal wire to water. Frequencies from 0 to 4.25 cps and amplitudes to 2.76 in. were employed. Temperature differences up to 140 deg F provided heat flux from 2000 to 300,000 Btu/hr ft2. A Reynolds number was defined based on the mean velocity of the wire, and it was shown that heat-transfer rates may be predicted by either forced, free, or mixed convection correlations depending on the relative magnitudes of Reynolds and Grashof numbers.

Analysis of Conjugate Heat Transfer for a Combined Turbulent Wall Jet and Offset Jet

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Mondal ◽  
Abhijit Guha ◽  
Manab Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Wall Jet ◽  
Fluid Interface ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Turbulent Wall ◽  
Offset Jet

This paper presents a study of the conjugate heat transfer, involving conduction through a solid slab and turbulent convection in fluid, for a combined turbulent wall jet and offset jet flow using unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations. The conduction equation for the solid slab and convection equation for the fluid region are solved simultaneously satisfying the equality of temperature and heat flux at the solid–fluid interface. The fluid flow is complex because of the existence of periodically unsteady interaction between the two jets for the chosen ratio of jets separation distance to the jet width (i.e., d/w = 1). The heat transfer characteristics at the solid–fluid interface have been investigated by varying various important parameters within a feasible range: Reynolds number (Re = 10,000–20,000), Prandtl number (Pr = 1–4), solid-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio (ks/kf = 1000–4000), and nondimensional solid slab thickness (s/w = 1–10). The bottom surface of the solid slab has been maintained at a constant temperature. The mean conjugate heat transfer characteristics indicate that the mean local Nusselt number along the interface is a function of flow (Re) as well as fluid (Pr) properties but is independent of solid properties (ks and s). However, the mean interface temperature and mean local heat flux along the interface always depend on all the aforementioned properties.

Measurements in a Transitional Boundary Layer With Go¨rtler Vortices

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Volino ◽  
T. W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
Concave Wall ◽  
The Mean

The laminar-turbulent transition process has been documented in a concave-wall boundary layer subject to low (0.6 percent) free-stream turbulence intensity. Transition began at a Reynolds number, Rex (based on distance from the leading edge of the test wall), of 3.5 × 105 and was completed by 4.7 × 105. The transition was strongly influenced by the presence of stationary, streamwise, Go¨rtler vortices. Transition under similar conditions has been documented in previous studies, but because concave-wall transition tends to be rapid, measurements within the transition zone were sparse. In this study, emphasis is on measurements within the zone of intermittent flow. Twenty-five profiles of mean streamwise velocity, fluctuating streamwise velocity, and intermittency have been acquired at five values of Rex, and five spanwise locations relative to a Go¨rtler vortex. The mean velocity profiles acquired near the vortex downwash sites exhibit inflection points and local minima. These minima, located in the outer part of the boundary layer, provide evidence of a “tilting” of the vortices in the spanwise direction. Profiles of fluctuating velocity and intermittency exhibit peaks near the locations of the minima in the mean velocity profiles. These peaks indicate that turbulence is generated in regions of high shear, which are relatively far from the wall. The transition mechanism in this flow is different from that on flat walls, where turbulence is produced in the near-wall region. The peak intermittency values in the profiles increase with Rex, but do not follow the “universal” distribution observed in most flat-wall, transitional boundary layers. The results have applications whenever strong concave curvature may result in the formation of Go¨rtler vortices in otherwise 2-D flows.

scholarly journals Adjoint shape optimization of a duct for a wall jet film cooling setup

2021 ◽  
Vol 2119 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
N N Kozyulin ◽  
M S Bobrov ◽  
M Y Hrebtov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Wall Jet ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Jet Cooling ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The paper presents the results of optimization of the geometric parameters of the simplified wall jet cooling system using a modified Adjoint Shape optimization method for algebraic systems of equations (Discrete Adjoint Optimization). The modification consists in using a linearized discrete system of equations with the replacement of derivatives by their finite-volume approximations. The jet flowed through a duct and out from a nozzle. The duct was inclined at an angle of 35 degrees to the cooled wall. The mean velocity ratio between the jet and the main flow was set to 2. The total heat flux on the cooled wall was taken as a cost function. The problem was considered in a two-dimensional stationary turbulent formulation (RANS). As a result of optimization, the shape of the duct changed significantly, affecting the flow inside it. The optimization led to the disappearance of the recirculation zone and reattaching of the jet to the cooled wall. As a result of the optimization performed, the heat flux at the wall increased by 20%.

scholarly journals Velocity Measurements and Local Heat Transfer in a Rotating Ribbed Two-Pass Square Channel With Uneven Wall Heat Flux

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Shing Hsieh ◽  
Ming-Hung Chiang ◽  
Ping-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Wall Heat Flux ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Square Channel ◽  
Rotation Numbers

The influence of rotation and uneven wall heat flux effect on the local velocity distribution as well as local heat transfer coefficient in a rotating, two pass rib roughened (rib height e/DH = 0.20; rib pitch p/e = 5) square channel were studied for Reynolds numbers from 5000 to 10000 and rotation numbers from 0 to 0.1602 (≤ 300 rpm). The measured mean velocity under different wall heat flux condition for the specified rib configuration at ReH = 5000 and 10000, ReH = 0, 267, 534 and 801 are presented. Regionally averaged Nusselt number variations with rotation (≤ 800 rpm)along the duct have been determined over the trailing and leading surfaces for a two pass channel. Moreover, LDV measurements with heating were examined. It was found that the Coriolis force as well as centrifugal buoyancy is significant as the rotational speed increases.

The structure of the viscous sublayer and the adjacent wall region in a turbulent channel flow

1974 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Eckelmann
Keyword(s):  
Channel Flow ◽  
Turbulent Channel Flow ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Viscous Sublayer ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Hot-film anemometer measurements have been carried out in a fully developed turbulent channel flow. An oil channel with a thick viscous sublayer was used, which permitted measurements very close to the wall. In the viscous sublayer between y+ ≃ 0·1 and y+ = 5, the streamwise velocity fluctuations decreased at a higher rate than the mean velocity; in the region y+ [lsim ] 0·1, these fluctuations vanished at the same rate as the mean velocity.The streamwise velocity fluctuations u observed in the viscous sublayer and the fluctuations (∂u/∂y)0 of the gradient at the wall were almost identical in form, but the fluctuations of the gradient at the wall were found to lag behind the velocity fluctuations with a lag time proportional to the distance from the wall. Probability density distributions of the streamwise velocity fluctuations were measured. Furthermore, measurements of the skewness and flatness factors made by Kreplin (1973) in the same flow channel are discussed. Measurements of the normal velocity fluctuations v at the wall and of the instantaneous Reynolds stress −ρuv were also made. Periods of quiescence in the − ρuv signal were observed in the viscous sublayer as well as very active periods where ratios of peak to mean values as high as 30:1 occurred.

scholarly journals Near-wall turbulent fluctuations in the absence of wide outer motions

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 264-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Reynolds Stress ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Full Simulation ◽  
Near Wall

AbstractNumerical experiments that remove turbulent motions wider than ${ \lambda }_{z}^{+ } \simeq 100$ are carried out up to ${\mathit{Re}}_{\tau } = 660$ in a turbulent channel. The artificial removal of the wide outer turbulence is conducted with spanwise minimal computational domains and an explicit filter that effectively removes spanwise uniform eddies. The mean velocity profile of the remaining motions shows very good agreement with that of the full simulation below ${y}^{+ } \simeq 40$, and the near-wall peaks of the streamwise velocity fluctuation scale very well in the inner units and remain almost constant at all the Reynolds numbers considered. The self-sustaining motions narrower than ${ \lambda }_{z}^{+ } \simeq 100$ generate smaller turbulent skin friction than full turbulent motions, and their contribution to turbulent skin friction gradually decays with the Reynolds number. This finding suggests that the role of the removed outer structures becomes increasingly important with the Reynolds number; thus one should aim to control the large scales for turbulent drag reduction at high Reynolds numbers. In the near-wall region, the streamwise and spanwise velocity fluctuations of the motions of ${ \lambda }_{z}^{+ } \leq 100$ reveal significant lack of energy at long streamwise lengths compared to those of the full simulation. In contrast, the losses of the wall-normal velocity and the Reynolds stress are not as large as those of these two variables. This implies that the streamwise and spanwise velocities of the removed motions penetrate deep into the near-wall region, while the wall-normal velocity and the Reynolds stress do not.

Heat Transfer Scaling Close to the Wall for Turbulent Channel Flows

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiranth Srinivasan ◽  
Dimitrios V. Papavassiliou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Turbulent Heat Flux ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Scaling Parameters ◽  
The Mean

This work serves a two-fold purpose of briefly reviewing the currently existing literature on the scaling of thermal turbulent fields and, in addition, proposing a new scaling framework and testing its applicability. An extensive set of turbulent scalar transport data for turbulent flow in infinitely long channels is obtained using a Lagrangian scalar tracking approach combined with direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow. Two cases of Poiseuille channel flow, with friction Reynolds numbers 150 and 300, and different types of fluids with Prandtl number ranging from 0.7 to 50,000 are studied. Based on analysis of this database, it is argued that the value and the location of the maximum normal turbulent heat flux are important scaling parameters in turbulent heat transfer. Implementing such scaling on the mean temperature profile for different fluids and Reynolds number cases shows a collapse of the mean temperature profiles onto a single universal profile in the near wall region of the channel. In addition, the profiles of normal turbulent heat flux and the root mean square of the temperature fluctuations appear to collapse on one profile, respectively. The maximum normal turbulent heat flux is thus established as a turbulence thermal scaling parameter for both mean and fluctuating temperature statistics.

Laminar fully developed flow and heat transfer of Robertson–Stiff fluids in a rectangular duct

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Sayed-Ahmed ◽  
A S El-Yazal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Wall Heat Flux ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Rectangular Duct ◽  
Constant Wall Temperature ◽  
Fully Developed Flow ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Law Fluids ◽  
Constant Wall Heat Flux

The laminar fully developed flow and heat transfer through a rectangular duct of a viscous incompressible Robertson–Stiff fluid is investigated. Robertson–Stiff fluids are time independent non-Newtonian materials possessing a yield value. The governing momentum and energy equations are solved numerically using finite-difference approximations. We consider two cases of thermal boundary conditions: H1 the "circumferentially constant wall temperature and axially constant wall heat flux" and H2 the "circumferentially and axially constant wall heat flux". The velocity, temperature, the average friction factor and Nusselt numbers for the two cases are computed for various values of the physical parameters. The present results have been compared with the known solutions for Newtonian and power-law fluids and are found to be in good agreement.PACS Nos.: 47.50.+d, 47.15.–x

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