Static and Dynamic Modeling Comparison of an Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Mazloum ◽  
Haytham Sayah ◽  
Maroun Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Transient States ◽  
Storage Technologies

The large-scale production of renewable energy is limited by the intermittence nature of the renewable energy sources. Moreover, the electricity production of the thermal and nuclear power plants is not flexible with the electricity demand. Hence, the integration of energy storage technologies into the grid has become crucial as it creates a balance between supply and demand for electricity and protects thereby the electrical grid. Among the large-scale energy storage technologies, a novel adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) system will be developed in this paper. This storage system is characterized, compared to the conventional compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, by the recovery and the reuse of the compression heat in order to improve the system efficiency and avoid the use of fossil fuel sources. This paper discusses a comparison between the static and dynamic modeling of the A-CAES system performed by a computer simulation using “Modelica.” Unlike the static model, the dynamic model takes into account the mechanical inertia of the turbomachinery (compressors and turbines) as well as the thermal inertia of the heat exchangers. Consequently, it enables studying the flexibility of the storage system and its ability to meet the electrical grid requirements (primary and secondary reserves) by evaluating the duration of the transient states. Furthermore, the comparison between the static and dynamic models permits to estimate the efficiency losses due to the transient evolutions.The results show that the storage system needs more than 2 min before being able to consume all the excess energy available on the electrical grid and more than 5 min before being able to produce all the energy required by the electrical grid. These time frames are due especially to the transient states (start-up) of the turbomachines. Finally, the system efficiency is 64.7%, the transient states of the system cause losses of 0.9%. These small losses are explained by the short duration of the transient states relative to that of the steady states (15 hrs).

scholarly journals Design of a New Compressed Air Energy Storage System with Constant Gas Pressure and Temperature for Application in Coal Mine Roadways

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangyu Deng ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Xinran Xue ◽  
Hui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Instability Energy

Renewable energy (wind and solar power, etc.) are developing rapidly around the world. However, compared to traditional power (coal or hydro), renewable energy has the drawbacks of intermittence and instability. Energy storage is the key to solving the above problems. The present study focuses on the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, which is one of the large-scale energy storage methods. As a lot of underground coal mines are going to be closed in China in the coming years, a novel CAES system is proposed for application in roadways of the closing coal mines. The new system combines pumped-hydro and compressed-air methods, and features constant air pressure and temperature. Another specific character of the system is the usage of flexible bags to store the compressed air, which can effectively reduce air leakage. The governing equations of the system are derived, and the response of the system is analyzed. According to the equations, for a roadway with depth of 500 m and volume of 10,000 cubic meters, the power generation capacity of the CAES system is approximately 18 MW and the generating time is 1.76 h. The results show that the new CAES system proposed is reasonable, and provides a suitable way to utilize the underground space of coal mines.

Study on Optimization of Pressure Ratio Distribution in Multistage Compressed Air Energy Storage System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Chen ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Huayu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Storage System ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Ratio Distribution

Compressed air energy storage is an effective energy storage technology to solve the instability of wind power in distributed energy resources. In this paper, a multistage compressed air energy storage system optimization model is constructed based on the energy conservation equation. Then the system is optimized by differential evolution to improve the system efficiency. Optimal pressure ratios are proposed to distribute the pressures of compressors and expanders. The impact of pressure ratio distribution curve on the system energy efficiency suggests that the change curve of the characteristics vary in different heat exchanger performance. Results show that the change of thermal transfer reactor performance leads to the variety of optimal distribution pressure ratio and energy efficiency of the system. In addition, the differential ratio distribution factor can be effective on the pressure ratio of reasonable allocation. System efficiency optimization results increased by about 1% compared mean value.

Experimental investigation of a liquid turbine in a full performance test rig

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Xuehui Zhang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Yangli Zhu ◽  
Zhitao Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Industrial Systems

In traditional industrial systems, a liquid expander can be used as a substitute for a throttling valve to improve system efficiency and economy. In this paper, the research and development of liquid expanders was reviewed. A set of experimental procedures were presented and an experimental test rig was built to examine the performance of a liquid turbine, which is a model machine of the liquid expander used in the supercritical compressed air energy storage system. At the rated condition, the flow rate of the liquid turbine is 60.7 kg/s, the differential pressure is 0.662 MPa, the output power is 30.44 kW, and the efficiency is 75.16%. The experimental results indicate successful construction of the test rig, which fully demonstrates the advantages of a semi-open and semi-closed system. The experimental results of the liquid turbine are of practical value for verification and development of the liquid expander in supercritical compressed air energy storage system.

Concept and Application of Distributed Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Integrated in Utility Networks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav P. Petrov ◽  
Reza Arghandeh ◽  
Robert Broadwater
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Distributed Energy Storage

Distributed energy storage has been recognized as a valuable and often indispensable complement to small-scale power generation based on renewable energy sources. Small-scale energy storage positioned at the demand side would open the possibility for enhanced predictability of power output and easier integration of small-scale intermittent generators into functioning electricity markets, as well as offering inherent peak shaving abilities for mitigating contingencies and blackouts, for reducing transmission losses in local networks, profit optimization and generally allowing tighter utility control on renewable energy generation. Distributed energy storage at affordable costs and of low environmental footprint is a necessary prerequisite for the wider deployment of renewable energy and its deeper penetration into local networks. Thermodynamic energy storage in the form of compressed air is an alternative to electrochemical energy storage in batteries and has been evaluated in various studies and tested commercially on a large scale. Distributed compressed air energy storage (DCAES) systems in combination with renewable energy generators installed at residential homes, public or commercial buildings are a viable alternative to large-scale energy storage, moreover promising lower specific investment than batteries if a mass-market is established. Flexible control methods can be applied to DCAES units, resulting in a complex system running either independently for home power supply, or as a unified and centrally controlled utility-scale energy storage entity. This study aims at conceptualizing the plausible distributed compressed-air energy storage units, examining the feasibility for their practical implementation and analyzing their behavior, as well as devising the possible control strategies for optimal utilization of grid-integrated renewable energy sources at small scales. Results show that overall energy storage efficiency of around 70% can be achieved with comparatively simple solutions, offering less technical challenges and lower specific costs than comparable electrical battery systems. Furthermore, smart load management for improving the dispatchability can bring additional benefits by profit optimization and decrease the payback time substantially.

scholarly journals Use of an Under-Water Compressed Air Energy Storage (UWCAES) to Fully Power the Sicily Region (Italy) With Renewable Energy: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Antonio Tiano ◽  
Gianfranco Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Renewable Sources

The high concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and the increase in sea and land temperatures make the use of renewable energy sources increasingly urgent. To overcome the problem of non-programmability of renewable sources, this study analyzes an energy storage system consisting of under water compressed air energy storage (UWCAES). A case study for fully power the Sicily region (Italy) with renewable energy source (wind and photovoltaic) is presented. From the real annual capacity values of the renewable plants installed in Sicily, a sizing of both the energy production and the storage system and its auxiliary services is evaluated. The optimization of the operation of the system as a whole, modeled with mathematical models already validated in previous studies, is obtained through dynamic programming. The electricity consumed annually by the region, equal to 19048.4 GWh, can be entirely satisfied by renewable energy sources. A sizing of plants powered by renewable sources for a nominal power of 15, 000 MW equally divided between photovoltaic and wind power is considered. The underwater air storage system has a maximum volume of 2.1 × 108 m3, while the compression and generation units have a total nominal power of 6, 900 and 3, 100 MW, respectively. The study finally presents a sensitivity analysis for the evaluation of the effects of the variation of the power produced by renewable energy sources and of Sicily energy consumption. The results show that carbon-free feeding is possible and that all the boundary conditions on the operation of the system can be met.

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