Section 4. Water Chemistry Parameters

2022 ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Grab Sample ◽  
Industrial Boilers

The maintenance of specified feedwater and boiler water chemistry must be well regulated and documented by frequent analysis and record keeping. Normally, a combination of online analyzers and grab sample measurements is used to ensure proper chemistry control. Guidance on sample collection and conditioning is provided in “Consensus on Operating Practices for the Sampling and Monitoring of Feedwater and Boiler Water Chemistry in Modern Industrial Boilers” [7].

Consensus on Operating Practices for the Control of Feedwater and Boiler Water Chemistry in Industrial and Institutional Boilers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Water Conditioning ◽  
Industrial Boilers ◽  
Boiler Design

The Water Technology Subcommittee of the ASME Research and Technology Committee on Water and Steam in Thermal Systems, under the leadership of Mr. Robert D. Bartholomew has revised the Consensus on Operating Practices for the Control of Feedwater Boiler Water Chemistry in Modern Industrial Boilers, first published in 1979 with prior revisions published in 1994 and 1998. The task group consisted of a cross section of manufacturers, operators, chemical treatment contractors and consultants involved in the fabrication and operation of industrial and institutional boilers. Members of this group are listed in the acknowledgments. This current document is an expansion and revision of the original, with reordered and modified texts where considered necessary. While significant revisions have been incorporated, it is recognized that there are areas of operating practice not addressed herein. Additional information is available from the references. It is the plan of the ASME Research Committee to continue to review this information, and revise and reissue this document as necessary to comply with advances in boiler design and water conditioning technology.

Section 5. Tables of Suggested Water Chemistry Targets

2022 ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Prime Factor ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Water Contaminant ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Boiler Drum ◽  
The Difference

Consensus water chemistry controls for the six types of steam generator systems are presented in Tables 1 through 7. The tabulated information is categorized according to operating pressure ranges because this is the prime factor that dictates the type of internal water chemistry employed, the normal cycles of feedwater concentration, the silica volatility, and the carryover tendency. The difference between steam and water densities decreases with increasing pressure and temperature; therefore, separating the steam/water phases completely in the boiler drum becomes increasingly difficult to achieve. Since the tendency to carryover is greater at higher operating pressures, it is necessary to maintain lower boiler water contaminant concentrations to meet the same steam purity target.

Effects of SO42− concentration on corrosion behaviour of carbon steels

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Zhu ◽  
Xiaocui Jiao ◽  
Xueying Tang ◽  
Haiwei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Condition Solution

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of SO42− concentration on the corrosion behaviour of T23 and T12 steels in simulated water chemistry condition solution of 600 MW fossil-fired power boilers. Design/methodology/approach – The influence and mechanism of SO42− ions on the pitting corrosion of T23 and T12 steels in simulated oxygenated treatment water chemistry solution was studied using electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization scans and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Findings – The results showed that T23 and T12 were susceptible to pitting corrosion in the simulated solution with full SO42− concentration for the competitive adsorption of OH− and SO42− on the surface of steels. The pitting sensitivity of the steels improved with increasing SO42− concentration. The corrosion resistance for SO42− of T23 was stronger than that for T12. Originality/value – This study is an attempt to provide direction for regulating the concentration of SO42− in boiler water and for selecting the material for boiler water wall tubes.

Section 1. Introduction

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
System Components ◽  
Steam System ◽  
Current Operating

This document has been prepared by the Water Technology Subcommittee of the ASME Research and Technology Committee on Steam and Water in Thermal Systems as a consensus of proper current operating practices for the control of feedwater and boiler water chemistry in the operation of industrial and institutional, high duty, primary fuel fired boilers. These practices are aimed at minimizing corrosion, deposition, cleaning requirements, and unscheduled outages in the steam generators and associated condensate, feedwater and steam systems for boilers, and steam system components which are currently available. This publication is an expansion and revision of the operating practice consensus documents previously issued by the Committee [1-3]. The tabulated values herein update and replace the ones previously published. Titles have been edited and clarified. The text has been reordered and modified where necessary. THE TEXT IS OF PRIME IMPORTANCE AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FULLY BEFORE USING THE TABULATED VALUES. One Appendix has been added to provide additional guidance.

Introduction - Boiler Water Chemistry

1954 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-954
Author(s):  
A. A. Berk
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Boiler Water

Assessing the Representativeness and Sufficiency of Chemical Data from Water Samples Collected During an Oil Spill

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2581-2599
Author(s):  
Ann Michelle Morrison ◽  
Melanie Edwards ◽  
John Buonagurio ◽  
Linda Cook ◽  
Karen Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chemistry Data

ABSTRACT Traditionally, the representativeness and sufficiency of data in environmental monitoring efforts are judged against an external standard, such as a pre-determined statistically-based survey design intended to achieve specified data quality objectives. However, given the nature of oil spill responses, where the primary focus is usually on finding the oil and documenting exposure related to the release, samples collected from oil spill studies rarely follow a statistically-based, pre-determined sampling design. Using water chemistry data from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, we have developed statistical, observational, and forensic approaches to evaluate the representativeness and sufficiency of field-collected chemistry data to characterize exposure in the water column. Three complementary approaches were selected for evaluating water chemistry data. The first “Zone” approach evaluates properties of the data within defined spatial-temporal exposure zones. The second “Probability” approach examines the data independent of predetermined zones using three dimensional (3D; i.e., latitude, longitude, depth) modeling methods (interpolation, contouring) to assess whether the field-collected water chemistry data alone provide sufficient information to model chemical exposure in the water column. The final “Design” approach compares the field-collected sample data to a theoretical sampling design that could have been developed at the beginning of the incident. Integral to all of these approaches is a pre-analysis screening that considers the original objective of each sample collection and the method of sample collection. Review of the chemical forensics of samples can provide further refinement. In this way, samples that were collected as part of a targeted effort based on visual or sensor observations can be considered in light of the context in which they were collected. The results of this analysis can be used to inform future oil spill sample collections to provide sufficient and representative samples that meet the immediate needs of the response as well as longer-term damage assessment determinations.

Panel Discussion “What's New in Boiler Water Chemistry”

1954 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-983
Author(s):  
J. M. Maloney ◽  
A. Berk ◽  
E. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Boiler Water

In situ real-time optical sensing device for three-dimensional water chemistry surveillance

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-L. Ng ◽  
T.-B. Koay ◽  
S. Senft-Grupp ◽  
M. Chitre ◽  
H. F. Hemond
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Small Team

Assessing the aquatic chemistry of water bodies through sample collection is labor- and time-intensive with limits on discrete spatial coverage that may not provide a detailed representation of the system. A practical approach is to develop in situ sensors deployed aboard autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for three-dimensional water chemistry mapping. For this purpose, a compact optical instrument (LEDIF) measuring fluorescence, absorbance, and scattering to quantify contaminants and natural substances in water bodies is packaged inside a pressure hull and attached to a highly modular and flexible AUV (Small Team of Autonomous Robotic FISH (STARFISH)). LEDIF-STARFISH was deployed at a reservoir in Singapore for in situ real-time chlorophyll a and turbidity data collection. Locations of potential algal hot spots were observed, providing unprecedented insight into the plankton biomass distribution of the reservoir at different times. The results showcase the instrument's potential in tracking spatiotemporal variability of substances in large water bodies.

Application of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid in boiler water for industrial boilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1544-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zeng ◽  
Mao-dong Li ◽  
Zhi-ping Zhu ◽  
Jun-ming Zhao ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Diphosphonic Acid ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Industrial Boilers

The primary method used for boiler water treatment is the addition of chemicals to industrial boilers to prevent corrosion and scaling. The static scale inhibition method was used to evaluate the scale inhibition performance of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP). Autoclave static experiments were used to study the corrosion inhibition properties of the main material for industrial boilers (20# carbon steel) with an HEDP additive in the industrial boiler water medium. The electrochemical behavior of HEDP on carbon steel corrosion control was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization techniques. Experimental results indicate that HEDP can have a good scale inhibition effect when added at a quantity of 5 to 7 mg/L at a test temperature of not more than 100 °C. To achieve a high scale inhibition rate, the HEDP dosage must be increased when the test temperature exceeds 100 °C. Electrochemical and autoclave static experimental results suggest that HEDP has a good corrosion inhibition effect on 20# carbon steel at a concentration of 25 mg/L. HEDP is an excellent water treatment agent.

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